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Sicyos waimanaloensis

H.St.John (1987)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Cucurbitales Family: Cucurbitaceae Genus: Sicyos

‘ānunu [anunu]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Climbing annual herbs.

Stems: Stems up to several m long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades broadly ovate–cordate or reniform with a broad basal sinus, 4–14 cm long, 4–13 cm wide, shallowly to deeply palmately 5–7–lobed, the lobes triangular to obovate. Apex acute or acuminate, the central lobe long-acuminate, the narrow apex often breaking early. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely scabrid, sometimes appearing white–dotted upon drying; lower surfaces glabrous or scabrid. Margins dentate or denticulate. Petiolate. Stipules absent; tendrils in the stipular position 2–3–branched.

Flowers: Flowers in staminate flowers in glabrous panicles 3–15 cm long, peduncles 2–11 cm long, flowers sessile or pedicels up to 3 mm long; pistillate flowers 7–15(–20) per head, peduncles 1–9 cm long, subsessile or on pedicels up to 3 mm long. Flowers usually unisexual (and the plants monoecious or dioecious), actinomorphic. Calyx of 5 sepals, inserted on hypanthium. Corolla of staminate flowers white or pale yellow, 5-lobed, 2–3 mm in diameter, petals inserted on hypanthium alternate with calyx lobes, usually connate at base, the limb often rotate; Corolla of pistillate flowers 5-lobed, perianth usually smaller than in staminate flowers. Staminate flowers: anthers coherent. Staminate flowers: Stamens (2)3(–5), inserted at base of hypanthium; filaments connate into a column; anthers curved or flexuous, coherent and twisted in a head, opening by longitudinal slits; pistillate flowers: staminodes absent. Ovary inferior, of a single carpel or 3-carpellate with carpels connate into a single 3-lobed cell; ovule 1, placentation parietal; stigma capitate, very shortly 3-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit green; ovoid–lanceoloid; 5–7 mm long; 2–3 mm in diameter; glabrous; puberulent; or pilose; sometimes warty toward base; tapering gradually into a long beak; indehiscent. Seeds 1 per fruit; ovate; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 24*

Habitat: Occurring usually in open sites or shrubland coastal communities; particularly on talus slopes; Waimea Canyon; Kaua'i; Ka'ena Point; Waimanalo; Makapu'u; Koko Crater; and Diamond Head; O'ahu; and Kamiloloa and Makakupa'ia; Moloka'i.

Elevation Range: 50–650 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 62: 192 (1987)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:581 (K, O, Mo); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:169 (L); St. John 18818 BISH (L†, 1938)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sicyos waimanaloensis East Kawela, unnamed gulch to the east of the road to Puu Kolekole Cabin, east of East Kawela Gulch Vegetation: Dodonaea, Sida, Osteomeles, Lipochaeta, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Schiedea, Silene, Spermolepis, Antidesma, Lepidium, Bidens, Panicum, Eragrostis, Cyperus, Carex, Lantana, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40908 Molokai BISH 2009-04-02
2 Sicyos waimanaloensis Molokai District. Kamiloloa Hts. trail Dry forest; land ground burned over in a fire last year Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 3552 Molokai BISH 1989-03-03
3 Sicyos waimanaloensis Near Sea Life Park, Waimanalo. Makapuu, Koolaupoko Climbing on Leucaena leucocephala and scrub vegetation on talus. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1835 Oahu BISH 1979-04-13
4 Sicyos waimanaloensis Near Sea Life Park, Waimanalo. Makapuu, Koolaupoko Climbing on Leucaena leucocephala and scrub vegetation on talus. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1835 Oahu BISH 1979-01-01
5 Sicyos waimanaloensis Maunalei, Maunalei Gulch Trailing on dry basalt talus. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18818 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
6 Sicyos waimanaloensis East Kawela, unnamed gulch to the east of the road to Puu Kolekole Cabin, east of East Kawela Gulch Vegetation: Dodonaea, Sida, Osteomeles, Lipochaeta, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Schiedea, Silene, Spermolepis, Antidesma, Lepidium, Bidens, Panicum, Eragrostis, Cyperus, Carex, Lantana, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40910 Molokai BISH 2009-04-02
7 Sicyos waimanaloensis Makapuu, Koolaupoko over talus and low shrubs Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3217 Oahu BISH 1985-04-04
8 Sicyos waimanaloensis Maunalei, Maunalei Gulch Trailing on dry basalt talus. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18818 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
9 Sicyos waimanaloensis Kaena Point, Waianae Mts, bluffs 1/2 way between Puu Pueo & Puu Manini Preserved_Specimen Carr, G.D. 898 Oahu BISH 1976-04-06
10 Sicyos waimanaloensis Koko Crater, Maunalua, on crest of S rim In thicket of Prosopis with Bidens cynapiifolia. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26936 Oahu BISH 1979-04-01
11 Sicyos waimanaloensis Kaena Point, Waianae Mts, bluffs 1/2 way between Puu Pueo & Puu Manini Preserved_Specimen Carr, G.D. 898 Oahu BISH 1976-04-06
12 Sicyos waimanaloensis East Molokai, Kamiloloa Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2350 Molokai BISH 1985-04-17
13 Sicyos waimanaloensis Kaena Point, Waianae Mts, bluffs 1/2 way between Puu Pueo & Puu Manini Preserved_Specimen Carr, G.D. 898 Oahu BISH 1976-04-06
14 Sicyos waimanaloensis Talus SW of Waimanalo Landing Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17416 Oahu BISH 1936-04-10
15 Sicyos waimanaloensis Talus SW of Waimanalo Landing Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17416 Oahu BISH 1936-04-10
16 Sicyos waimanaloensis Koko Crater, Maunalua, on crest of S rim In thicket of Prosopis with Bidens cynapiifolia. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26936 Oahu BISH 1979-04-01
17 Sicyos waimanaloensis Ahupuaa of Waimanalo, ili of Kaupo. Southern Koolau mountains. Growing in talus slope in rocky crevaces with Plumbago zeylanica, Asystasia gangetica, Leucaena leucocephala, Momordica charantia, Bidens pilosa, Urochloa maxima, Sida fallax, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 574 Oahu BISH 2023-03-07
18 Sicyos waimanaloensis Maunalei, Maunalei Gulch Trailing on dry basalt talus. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18818 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
19 Sicyos waimanaloensis Koko Crater, Maunalua, on crest of S rim In thicket of Prosopis with Bidens cynapiifolia. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26936 Oahu BISH 1979-04-01
20 Sicyos waimanaloensis Koolaupoko, Makapuu over talus and shrubs Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3217 Oahu BISH 1985-04-04
21 Sicyos waimanaloensis Waiakuilani Gulch Trailing over ground in gulch bottom Preserved_Specimen Bishop, L.E. 1766 Molokai BISH 1973-01-25
22 Sicyos waimanaloensis Makapuu cliffs above beach park On talus slopes. Vegetation: Leuceana leucocephala, Plectranthus parviflorus, Cocculus orbiculatus, Bidens alba, Plumbago zeylanica, grasses. Preserved_Specimen Ching-Harbin, S. 2018112901 Oahu BISH 2018-11-29
23 Sicyos waimanaloensis unnamed gulch- 1st gulch east of road to Pu`u Kolekole on east side of East Kawela Gulch. Vegetation: Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Diospyros, Schiedea, Silene, Lepidium, Pleomele, Bidens, Cyperus, Lipochaeta, Pouteria, Melicope, Scaevola, Carex, Ageratina, Melinis, Asplenium, Doryopteris, Pteridium, Luzula, Ipomoea, Chenopodium, Spermolepis. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 10911 Molokai BISH 2009-01-13
24 Sicyos waimanaloensis Waiakuilani Gulch, near gulch bottom Local near gulch bottom Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Nestegis, Dodonaea, Myrsine, Wikstroemia, Leptecophylla, Antidesma, Rumex, Viola, Pipturus, Nephrolepis, Dryopteris, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Chamaesyce, Microlepia, Pouteria, Psydrax, Pisonia, Pilea, Phyllanthus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40717 Molokai BISH 2007-04-05
25 Sicyos waimanaloensis Makapuu, Koolaupoko over talus and low shrubs Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3217 Oahu BISH 1985-04-04
26 Sicyos waimanaloensis Makapuu, Koolaupoko over talus and low shrubs Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3217 Oahu BISH 1985-04-04
27 Sicyos waimanaloensis Kawela, Makolelau In new fenced unit in dry forest site with Metrosideros- Leptecophylla, Coprosma foliosa, Sida fallax, Dodnaea viscosa, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea sarmentosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Silene lanceolata, Carex wahuensis, Luzula hawaiiensis. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 19941 Molokai BISH 2005-12-28
28 Sicyos waimanaloensis Makakupaia along road just below forest reserve boundary over aalii shrubs Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2303 Molokai BISH 1985-03-20
29 Sicyos waimanaloensis Koko Crater, Maunalua, on crest of S rim In thicket of Prosopis with Bidens cynapiifolia. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26936 Oahu BISH 1979-04-01
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