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Hydrocotyle bowlesioides

Mathias & Constance (1942)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Araliaceae Genus: Hydrocotyle

marsh pennywort

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial slender herbs.

Stems: Stems slender, creeping, hirsute.

Roots: Roots distinctly swollen.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades not peltate, roundish–reniform, 1–2 cm long excluding the petioles, 1.5–3 cm wide. Surfaces hirsute. Margins shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes obtusely triangular, crenate, subequal. Palmately veined. Petioles not sheathing; slender, 1–12 cm long, reflexed–hirsute especially above. Stipules present.

Flowers: Flowers in umbels, not proliferous, 2–10 flowered, globose; peduncles much shorter than the leaves, axillary, slender, 2–12 mm long. involucre and involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx teeth minute or absent. Corolla of 5 petals, greenish white, yellowish white, or purplish, ovate. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cells, anatropous; styles 2, usually swollen at base into a stylopodium. Styles usually longer than the conical to depressed stylopodium; carpophore absent.

Fruit: Fruit consisting of 2 mericarps connate by their faces (commissure); compressed to flattened laterally; mericarps rounded or acute dorsally; glabrous to pubescent; with ribs 5 acute subequal; filiform; distinct or indistinct; companion cells present in the pericarp; but vittae absent. Mericarps separating at maturity and usually suspended from a persistent axis (carpophore); or carpophore absent; vittae in pericarp. fruit ellipsoid; ca. 1 mm long; 1.5 mm wide; sessile; finely hispidulous in the intervals. Seeds 1 per mericarp; embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. seed face plane to convex.

Ploidy: 2n = 48

Habitat: Naturalized in open; sunny sites; sometimes in dense; disturbed wet forest.

Elevation Range: 10 m (Kaua‘i and O‘ahu); 730–2050 m. (Hawai‘i)

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to Costa Rica.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 151 (1942)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:205 (K, O, H); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:2 (L, WM); Starr et al. 2003:24 (EM)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Waikoloa Paddock; Waimea, Hamakua Common, forming mat in wet place. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2093 Hawaii BISH 1938-05-25
2 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Keauhou Ranch (T-KB), Kau District On floor of disturbed closed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen ESP Field Crew 45 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-09
3 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides East Maui, Wailea Growing in tree hole near beachwalk behind Outrigger Hotel. Preserved_Specimen Kiehn, M. 401051 Maui BISH 2003-12-01
4 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kau Distr., Keauhou AHU. Tr 31(45); E slope of Mauna Loa, E of Puu oo Trail Mesic koa-`ohi`a forest w/other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1217 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-07
5 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Koloa Dist.; Lawai Valley, N.T.B.G., Bamboo Bridge area in Ophiopogon planting. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3473 Kauai BISH 1989-07-25
6 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Laupahoehoe, along Kihalani Road In agricultural fields. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2254 Hawaii BISH 1984-01-01
7 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides N Hilo Distr., Laupahoehoe AHU. Tr 17(35); E slope of Mauna Kea; on ridge S of Haako Stream Wet koa-`ohi`a forest w/other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1322 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-10
8 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokahua, Kapalua Bay Golf Course Common at edges of fairways. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 30002 Maui BISH 2000-03-07
9 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides at beginning of Mauna Loa scenic strip road, along trail to weather station Common. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 607 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-19
10 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides S Kona District, Capt. Cook; Amy Greenwell Botanical Garden Spontaneous. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5932 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-10
11 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kipuka Puaulu Among grasses in lower part of kipuka. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2833 Hawaii BISH 1965-03-21
12 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kilauea Forest, Kau District In open sunny area of Acacia koa - Metrosideros forest with closed understory of Cibotium. Growing with Hypericum. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 365 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-11
13 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Thurston Lava Tube, Kilauea Common along rock wall at end of tube, in wet forest of Metrosideros w/prominent lower layer of Cibotium. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 33271 Hawaii BISH 1951-02-10
14 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Koele Growing under bougainvillea. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 109910 Lanai BISH 1999-10-24
15 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kulani Trail, Olaa For. Res., Olaa, Puna Distr Rare weed in trail in woods, dense Cibotium and Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24987 Hawaii BISH 1953-01-28
16 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Keauhou Ranch, Kau district (T-KU) Log jam with standing Metrosideros and Cibotium surrounded by Pennisetum pasture. Growing on ground in full shade. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 156 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-29
17 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides East Maui, at entrance to Wailea At base of rock trellis and in lawn. Associated vegetation: Thunbergia grandiflora, T.laurifolia, seashore paspalum. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 104241 Maui BISH 2001-04-24
18 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Head of Alakahi Gorge, Waipio Valley, Kohala Mts., above Waimea Local on open Sphagnum cushions. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 42136 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-10
19 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokahua, Kapalua Village Golf Course Common at edge of fairways. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 30001 Maui BISH 2000-03-04
20 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Mauna Loa truck trail Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 442 Hawaii BISH 1943-03-03
21 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Bird Park, Hawaii Nat. Park, Kilauea Forming mat on ground. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11254 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
22 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Maunawili, Luana Hills golf course, behind green at hole #1. Lowland mesic, managed landscape. Preserved_Specimen OISC Field Crew 2015043001 Oahu BISH 2015-04-30
23 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kipuka Pualuu, by opening to lava tube, Sta. 21 Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1485 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-08
24 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kilauea, Bird Park Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1929-08-17
25 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Kohala Mts., upper Hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above Waikoloa reservoirs #1 & 2 Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5525 Hawaii BISH 1985-06-23
26 Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. Hawaii BISH 1987-03-10
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