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Passiflora foetida

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Passifloraceae Genus: Passiflora

laniwai (Ni‘ihau via St. John), love-in-a-mist, pohāpohā [pohapoha], running pop, wild water lemon

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Vines.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades strongly to weakly 3–lobed, blades 2.3–7.2 cm long, 2–6 cm wide. Surfaces hispid–hirsute (hairs short or long), margins pubescent with glandular hairs, giving the plant a foetid odor. Margins entire. Petioles pubescent with glandular hairs, giving the plant a foetid odor. Stipules deeply pinnately dissected.

Flowers: Flowers solitary; bracts 3, deeply pinnately dissected; hypanthium 0.4–0.7 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), campanulate, actinomorphic, 2.6–4.8 cm in diameter. Calyx of 5 sepals, white, imbricate, persistent. Corolla of 5 petals, alternate with the sepals, imbricate; corona white, lavender, or purple, filamentous. Stamens 5(–8), on an androgynophore; anthers dithecal, versatile, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, stipitate, placentation parietal; ovules numerous, anatropous; styles as many as carpels.

Fruit: Berries yellow or red; globose; 1.8–2.8 cm long; 1.5–3.5 cm wide; glabrous or finely hirsute. Seeds numerous; seed coat reticulate; bony; and aromatic; aril succulent; edible; embryo embedded in copious oily; soft fleshy endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 20; 22

Habitat: Disturbed sites; especially on dry rock outcrops; ʻaʻā lava; and in sandy soils.

Elevation Range: 0–500 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • 0-500 m
  • Culti- vated prior to l87l (Hillebrand, 1888).- Plate 143.
  • Description digitized by Dylan Charter
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Love-in-a-mist, running pop, wild water lemon, lani wai (Ni'ihau), poha poha. Killip (1938) recognized 38 varieties of this species, and more than one may have been introduced to Hawai'i, where extensive hybridization has occurred. However, plants of Passiflora are notorious for variability in leaf shape and, in some cases, pubescence. Some of the Hawaiian specimens of P. foetido would key out, in Killip's treatment, to var. hispida, vur. gossypdolio, or var. foetida; others have combinations of characters that would not key out to a particular variety.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 959 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1011 (Ni, K, O, M, H); Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1996:6 (Mo); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:10 (L); Staples & Herbst 2005:450 (KEY); Wood & LeGrande 2006:25 (Le)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Passiflora foetida Along Kam Hwy., near boat launch and parking areas Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 175 Oahu BISH 1972-08-17
2 Passiflora foetida BYU-H Campus Preserved_Specimen Ziegelbauer, K. 18 Oahu BISH 1975-02-18
3 Passiflora foetida Kalihi St., Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7105 Oahu BISH 1934-07-18
4 Passiflora foetida Old Naval Station, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 14 Oahu BISH 1919-10-19
5 Passiflora foetida Diamond Head. Aina Hina Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 49 Oahu BISH 1950-04-22
6 Passiflora foetida Kam Hwy., 0.5 mi S. of Kahuku Preserved_Specimen McCulloch, R. 12 Oahu BISH 1975-04-11
7 Passiflora foetida W. from Hukilau Grounds, Laie, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Au, R. 9 Oahu BISH 1960-10-17
8 Passiflora foetida Kupehau Gulch, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1064 Oahu BISH 1947-11-06
9 Passiflora foetida Coast just north of Olowalu Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 3 Maui BISH 1975-03-16
10 Passiflora foetida South Kona: Kapua Bay and surrounding areas, in the ahupuaa of Kapua Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7711 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
11 Passiflora foetida Kapua Bay Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10147 Hawaii BISH 1983-12-17
12 Passiflora foetida Kailua roadside near bridge Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27079 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
13 Passiflora foetida Near Hilo; terminal portion of 1880-81 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 540 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-17
14 Passiflora foetida Honolulu; Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-03-25
15 Passiflora foetida Kaupo Beach Park Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620313017 Oahu BISH 1962-03-13
16 Passiflora foetida Waikiki, Honolulu, dry coral plane Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-07-15
17 Passiflora foetida Papoia, small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
18 Passiflora foetida Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-02-17
19 Passiflora foetida Coral Flats Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1957-06-29
20 Passiflora foetida Bingham Tract, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1930-10-01
21 Passiflora foetida Lehua Islet, N of Niihau Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S. Lehua Rock BISH 1997-05-27
22 Passiflora foetida Laniloa Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-09-24
23 Passiflora foetida Laniloa Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-07-31
24 Passiflora foetida West of the Sea Arch, about 1 mile east of Kaena Point, Pauau Occasional in crevices and depressions on almost bare pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 46016 Hawaii BISH 1965-03-19
25 Passiflora foetida off Laniloa Point, Laie Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1968-08-01
26 Passiflora foetida Diamond Head: everywhere on slopes Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 48 Oahu BISH 1950-04-15
27 Passiflora foetida Waimanalo, away from beach Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27073 Oahu BISH 1946-09-21
28 Passiflora foetida Flow of 1840 in Puna near R.R.Track Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1054 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-07
29 Passiflora foetida Laniloa Point Beach Park Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10251 Oahu BISH 1968-08-13
30 Passiflora foetida Honolulu District, Koko Head. Along tip of Kuamookane ridge Preserved_Specimen Bruegmann, M.M. 117 Oahu BISH 1983-01-17
31 Passiflora foetida Waikiki, Honolulu, rocky fill along car track Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-11-17
32 Passiflora foetida New Bingham Tract Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1930-07-21
33 Passiflora foetida Power Line Trail Scrambling over low vegetaion. Vine, herbaceous. Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 686 Kauai BISH 1927-02-14
34 Passiflora foetida Honolulu, Kaka'ako, Keawe St Fence along parking lot. Full sun. Dry Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2072 Oahu BISH 2021-08-07
35 Passiflora foetida Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Ahihi Bay at the N end of the reserve Pockets of vegetation near the seashore amongst a'a lava about 200 years old. Uncommon; sprawling over rocks. In fruit; 1or 2 flowers remain. Corona lobes lavender. Naturalised. Preserved_Specimen Abbott, I.A. 91.1 Maui BISH 1991-03-05
36 Passiflora foetida East Maui, Hana District. Coastal pasture lands SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele on rock outcrop in pasture Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2525 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
37 Passiflora foetida Located down Chain of Craters Road about 14.8 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 1.9 miles from intersection with Naulu Picnic Area road. (plot 32) Plant was on rough a`a lava flow with scattered Metrosideros trees at bottom of steep hill. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 400 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-13
38 Passiflora foetida Green Valley, Punaluu Ranch High Pasture Soil rocky clay Preserved_Specimen Avilla, J.J. 32 Oahu BISH 1975-03-06
39 Passiflora foetida Kualoa Pasture, near Waikane covering lantana bushes Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2849 Oahu BISH 1909-05-07
40 Passiflora foetida Mokolii A few vines half way up the S slope. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041912 Oahu BISH 2005-04-19
41 Passiflora foetida Koloa District: Kalaheo, Kalawai Park Herbaceous vine in open area. Secondary vegetation of Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, and Ficus microcarpa. Locally occasional, naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5214 Kauai BISH 1987-05-10
42 Passiflora foetida Wailua; Kuamoo Road (Hwy 58) On road cut. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1732 Kauai BISH 1986-05-14
43 Passiflora foetida Alau, offshore islet, SW of Haena, W saddle Scaevola sericea, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Vigna marina, Boerhavia repens, Portulaca lutea, Schiedea globosa Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11187 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
44 Passiflora foetida Honolulu District: Koolau Mts., Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve. Trail along Mauumae Ridge Dry open crest. Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5536 Oahu BISH 1984-06-23
45 Passiflora foetida Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Occasional in small depressions in pahoehoe lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 53714 Hawaii BISH 1971-04-14
46 Passiflora foetida Sand Island, arid rocky roadside embankment Growing with Pluchea, Chloris, Nicotiana glauca, & Heliotropium curassavicum Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 525 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
47 Passiflora foetida Between Kailua-Kona and Keahole Airport Growing on exposed, arid aa lava along highway. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5012 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-16
48 Passiflora foetida BYU-H Campus Slope flat; soil sandy clay Preserved_Specimen Utai, M. 8 Oahu BISH 1975-03-01
49 Passiflora foetida East Maui, Hana District, Kauiki at Hana Bay, Along N side along and above trail to lighthouse on rocky ledge with Peperomia leptostachya Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2560 Maui BISH 1987-10-23
50 Passiflora foetida Haleiwa in sand Preserved_Specimen Swarbrick, J.T. 59 Oahu BISH 1976-01-07
51 Passiflora foetida Lahaina, 2mi southeast of Lahaina growing along side of highway; found associated with Desmanthus, Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 154 Maui BISH 1972-10-13
52 Passiflora foetida Honolulu, abandoned lot just S of Mau'umae nature park Dry, sunny, open area Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2370 Oahu BISH 2022-05-14
53 Passiflora foetida Hauula Mtn range, second ridge Open grassland Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 220 Oahu BISH 1972-08-23
54 Passiflora foetida Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District The plant is rather common in the disturbed areas within the reserve. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 79.263 Hawaii BISH 1979-05-10
55 Passiflora foetida Kaluanui, by road at west-makai end of Kaluanui Ridge climbing over top of Ocimum thicket. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 3792 Oahu BISH 1937-07-01
56 Passiflora foetida Visitor Center and main ruins, Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Area highly modified by ancient Polynesians. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10267 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
57 Passiflora foetida Between Kailua-Kona and Keahole Airport Growing on exposed, arid aa lava along highway. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5012 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-16
58 Passiflora foetida BYU-H Campus, Honolulu Flat. Soil: loam Preserved_Specimen Tiu, C. 4 Oahu BISH 1975-03-22
59 Passiflora foetida Located down Chain of Craters Road about 28.5 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 0.2 miles before Queens Bath. Plant was about .25 miles up the Royal Estates Road, not far from HVNP boundary. (plot 27) Mixed lowland scrub community. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 109 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
60 Passiflora foetida West side of South Point, Kalae Common on road cut cliffs; low vegetation on windswept plain and low cliffs over sea. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39282 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
61 Passiflora foetida Along Kam Hwy., near boat launch and parking areas Along with Wedelia trilobata. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 175 Oahu BISH 1972-08-17
62 Passiflora foetida Keapuka Development Site makai of the belt of road in Capt. Cook, Hawaii Found growing over lantana bushes and on Christmas berry. Also found on this site are huge huehue vines. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-01
63 Passiflora foetida Located down Chain of Craters Road about 25.9 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 1.1 miles past Kamoamoa picnic area. Plant was 100 meters WNW of highway pulloff. (plot 28) Heteropogon savanna community. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 596 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-24
64 Passiflora foetida Honolulu, University of Hawaii dry ground Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1930-10-31
65 Passiflora foetida Mokulu Islet Dry brushy slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13573 Oahu BISH 1937-01-31
66 Passiflora foetida Puna. Ca 10km SE of Pahoa at Shawn Laba's Huliaulea Bed & Breakfast Mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3056 Hawaii BISH 1996-10-06
67 Passiflora foetida on side of Punchbowl, Honolulu, O'ahu growing on cactus Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. Oahu BISH 1924-10-09
68 Passiflora foetida BYU-HC, Honolulu Flat. Soil: loam Preserved_Specimen Lee, P. 34 Oahu BISH 1975-03-21
69 Passiflora foetida Located down Chain of Craters Road about 28.5 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 0.2 miles before Queens Bath. Plant was about .25 miles up the Royal Estates Road, not far from HVNP boundary. (plot 27) Mixed lowland scrub community. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 110 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
70 Passiflora foetida Hauula Hilly. Soil: loam Preserved_Specimen Hai, N. 14 Oahu BISH 1975-04-02
71 Passiflora foetida Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Along Halape Beach, some distance west of the Halape shelter Growing along with shrubs in open area. Common. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 859 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-30
72 Passiflora foetida Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Near begining of transect A, at end of Hapuu Rd. in Nanawale Estates Vine growing on Pluchea bush. Open exposure Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790043 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-28
73 Passiflora foetida West side of South Point, Kalae Common on road cut cliffs; low vegetation on windswept plain and low cliffs over sea. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39282 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
74 Passiflora foetida Honolulu, Lanipo Trail Rare along trail. Preserved_Specimen Kennedy, B. 16 Oahu BISH 1995-11-21
75 Passiflora foetida Alau, Maui on west side of island On ridge Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5040525 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
76 Passiflora foetida Hanalei District. Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, East below Crater Hill, along the Nihoku Fenceline, N outside of Plot P8 along road. Coastal Dry Shrublands with Pluchea, Lantana, and Non-native grasses. W/ Open non-native weedy grasses dominated by Sporobolus and Digitaria insularis W/ Pluchea carolinensis, Ipomea obscura, Plantago lanceolata, Sphagneticola trilobata, Schinus, Lantana, Canavalia catha Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 3416 Kauai BISH 2013-01-21
77 Passiflora foetida Near sea level at Haena State Park In disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-15
78 Passiflora foetida Kaalualu Bay near South Point Vine climbing in vegetation or on the ground. Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 13 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
79 Passiflora foetida Popoia [Flat Island, off Kailua Beach Park] Passiflora at eastern edge of milo association, uncommon. Preserved_Specimen Palmer, D.D. 6325 Oahu BISH 1980-06-22
80 Passiflora foetida About 6 km from Hilina Pali going along Puu Kaoene trail Growing at the base of cliff. Common Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 913 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-05
81 Passiflora foetida Lihue Roadsides. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 483 Kauai BISH 1916-10-04
82 Passiflora foetida Halena; house site estimated to date from early 1900's On cliff above southern coastal flat. Only 1 plant seen. Preserved_Specimen Major, M. Molokai BISH 1993-09-04
83 Passiflora foetida along the side of the dirt road that runs through the Nanawale Forest Reserve Can be seen both on the ground and in the trees along the side of the road. Preserved_Specimen Yoshida, L. 79.006 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-12
84 Passiflora foetida Halulu Lake, Near Vine over bushes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22723 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
85 Passiflora foetida Hamakua Districtd: Kailikaula Cliffs and Stream Metrosideros-Osteomeles-Chamaesyce Lowland Mesic Forest and cliff with riparian communities. Associated species: Carex spp., Dianella, Canthium, Eragrostis, Diospyros, Dodonaea, Alyxia. Threats: Psidium spp., Oplismenus, Coix, Rubus rosifolius, Schinus, Lantana. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 4883 Hawaii BISH 1995-12-14
86 Passiflora foetida Diamond Head Crater, Honolulu Dry steep rocky slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13885 Oahu BISH 1937-05-28
87 Passiflora foetida Leahi sea shore near Leahi Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 117 Oahu BISH 1922-08-10
88 Passiflora foetida Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range On bare scraped limestone, growing over a Leucaena leucocephala. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 47 Oahu BISH 2021-05-04
89 Passiflora foetida Kona; Honaunau Bay, North Shore Growing over pahoehoe rocks and scrub above pahoehoe, on klu, lantana, koa haole, etc. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1957-01-21
90 Passiflora foetida Kawela Bay, Pahipahialua, trailing in lowland thicket Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23379 Oahu BISH 1948-08-15
91 Passiflora foetida Mokulua South, Oahu on southeast slope Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5022331 Oahu BISH 2005-02-23
92 Passiflora foetida Kailua on Ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9952 Oahu BISH 1927-10-27
93 Passiflora foetida Common along Quarry Rd. down to marsh Preserved_Specimen Smith, L.B. 51.3 Oahu BISH 1976-01-12
94 Passiflora foetida Lanikai, Kaiwa Ridge. Haole koa zone Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37300 Oahu BISH 1937-07-25
95 Passiflora foetida Mokulua, Lanikai, No. Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6007 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
96 Passiflora foetida Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. By Keahou shelter Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 869 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-01
97 Passiflora foetida Ulupau Head, Mokapu Peninsula in disintigrated lava Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242068 Oahu BISH 1924-08-20
98 Passiflora foetida Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2378 Oahu BISH 1916-11-01
99 Passiflora foetida Punaluu, in rocky pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30303 Oahu BISH 1926-07-25
100 Passiflora foetida Mokulua, South Island, Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5982 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
101 Passiflora foetida Koko Crater Park Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611127006 Oahu BISH 1961-11-27
102 Passiflora foetida Lehua Waimea District Preserved_Specimen Sporck-Koehler, M. 51 Niihau BISH 2018-02-09
103 Passiflora foetida Laupahoehoe Gulch Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6253 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-03
104 Passiflora foetida Manele Bay, along road above bay Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 109921 Lanai BISH 1999-10-25
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