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Passiflora ligularis

Juss. (1805)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Passifloraceae Genus: Passiflora

lani wai, lemi wai, lemona, sweet granadilla

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Lianas.

Stems: Stems terete (cylindrical) or weakly angled, striate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades cordate, 10–22 cm long, 7–17 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous. Margins entire. Petioles with 4–8 elongate, usually paired, filiform nectaries 4–10 mm long. Stipules oblong–ovate, 20–40 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers solitary or paired. Bracts 3, ovate, 3–5 cm long, 1–3 cm wide; hypanthium 0.5–0.9 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), pendent, campanulate, actinomorphic, 8–12 cm in diameter. Calyx of 5 sepals, white or white tinged with violet, imbricate, persistent. Corolla of 5 petals, white or white tinged with violet, alternate with the sepals, imbricate; corona purple–banded, filamentous, ca. 3 cm long. Stamens 5(–8), on an androgynophore; anthers dithecal, versatile, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, stipitate, placentation parietal; ovules numerous, anatropous; styles as many as carpels.

Fruit: Berries orange with white specks at maturity; globose; 5–7 cm in diameter; aril grayish; edible. Seeds numerous; seed coat bony; reticulate; with a fleshy apical aril; embryo embedded in copious oily; soft fleshy endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Diverse mesic forest and wet forest; rarely in drier areas.

Elevation Range: 200–1,070 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 200-1,070 m
  • Description digitized by Dylan Charter
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on Hawai'i in 1909 (Rock 3444, BISH). The date of Rock's collection is based on his sketchy field notes; collection numbers 3353 and 3678, the only numbers in that range entered in his book, were both collected in northwestern Hawai'i in June, 1909, and thus we assume number 3444 was also collected in that year.-Plate 143.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 113 (1805)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1011 (K, O, L, H); Meidell et al. 1998:7 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:450 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Passiflora ligularis Lanaihale forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30788 Lanai BISH 1963-08-26
2 Passiflora ligularis Honopu, road to Kalalau Lookout, Kaunoiohua Ridge upper rainforest Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 88 Kauai BISH 1952-12-24
3 Passiflora ligularis S.Kona, Kealakekua Ranch, road to Papaloa ohia/fern forest heavily disturbed by grazing; in trees Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5957 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-11
4 Passiflora ligularis Between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Kilauea jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7108 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-19
5 Passiflora ligularis Waimea, Milolii Ridge moist woods, climbing over trees and bushes Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13733 Kauai BISH 1933-12-27
6 Passiflora ligularis Pupukea-Kahuku trail forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1389 Oahu BISH 1930-08-12
7 Passiflora ligularis Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts climbing 25 m over trees Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25019 Oahu BISH 1953-05-03
8 Passiflora ligularis Near Halemanu observation point, Kokee into trees up to 3 m. Mesophytic koa forest Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 188 Kauai BISH 1973-07-24
9 Passiflora ligularis Between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Kilauea jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7111 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-24
10 Passiflora ligularis Koolau Range, Kaunala, Pupukea-Kahuku Trail wet forest; crawling over ground and low bushes Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. Oahu BISH 1933-02-19
11 Passiflora ligularis Oloa Flume Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 648 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-02
12 Passiflora ligularis S.Kona, Alika, Lehua Log Camp Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 333 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-27
13 Passiflora ligularis Near summit of Pupukea-Kahuku trail wet woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7110 Oahu BISH 1929-03-31
14 Passiflora ligularis Paauhau 2 Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3444 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
15 Passiflora ligularis Honolulu, 1930 Ualakaa St Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-11-23
16 Passiflora ligularis near Stainback Hwy. 4 mi below Kulani Prison Camp roadside weed Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 4078 Hawaii BISH 1974-08-13
17 Passiflora ligularis Near Halemanu observation point, Kokee into trees up to 3 m. Mesophytic koa forest Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 188 Kauai BISH 1973-07-24
18 Passiflora ligularis Between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Kilauea jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7111 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-24
19 Passiflora ligularis near Puuwaawaa over cactus Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7109 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-20
20 Passiflora ligularis Paauhau 2 Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3444 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
21 Passiflora ligularis Kaiholena Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 57 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
22 Passiflora ligularis 1930 Ualakaa Street, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-11-20
23 Passiflora ligularis Honaunau Forest, South Kona, near Kealakekua Ranch Open grassy area with Coprosma pubens Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 260 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
24 Passiflora ligularis W Maui, Lahaina District, Puu Kukui Watershed, ridgetop on S side of Kahana valley, N of Kaulalewelewe Within disturbed `Ohi`a/Uluhe Lowland Wet Forest. Assoc. vegetation; Dodonaea viscosa, Thelypteris cyatheoides, Paspalum conjugatum, Rubus argutus, R. discolor, Tibouchina herbacea. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 206 Maui BISH 1997-06-13
25 Passiflora ligularis SW flank of Mauna Loa closed Metrosideros substrate mixed soil and aa rock out crops, understory of Athyrium, Cibotium, Cyrtomium, Nephrolepis, Psidium and Psychotria Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6023 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-05
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