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Rorippa sarmentosa

(G.Forst. ex DC.) J.F.Macbr. (1938)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Rorippa

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Low perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems prostrate to weakly erect. solid, 1–3(–6) dm long, 0.5–1.5 mm in diameter.

Roots: Stems rooting at the nodes and forming new rosettes.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Primarily in a basal rosette. Blades pinnately compound with 3–5(–7) leaflets, these broadly ovate to reniform, 0.7–3 cm long, 0.4–2.8 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous. Margins crenate, the terminal one usually much larger than lateral ones. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually bractless, few in long, loose racemes usually 10–30 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular. Calyx of 4 sepals, deciduous, ascending, the inner pair saccate at base,usually oblong, sometimes the inner 2 with gibbous bases that hold the nectar. Corolla of 4 petals; petals white or cream, usually tinged purplish, entire to emarginate, rarely lobed or fimbriate, usually with an elongate claw, 1–1.5 mm long. Stamens (2–4)6(–16), short, with a pair of reniform glands at base of filament, tetradynamous, the inner 4 usually in pairs, sometimes connate at base in pairs; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; style 1 stout; stigma capitate, 2-lobed.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique; linear; rounded in cross section; spreading; terete (cylindrical); with a weak median nerve; the valves extending to margins of silique; not elastic nor rolling up after dehiscence; midrib conspicuous; 1.5–3 cm long. Seeds in 1 row per cell; reddish brown; ca. 1 mm long; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: occurring in wet areas or sometimes disturbed sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Black dye from stem bark

  • The bark of the stem used to make a black dye (Krauss 1993:66).

  • Used in combination with other medicines for pa ‘ao‘ao and pa‘ao‘ao wiwi nonole illnesses (Chun 1998:46)

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Not in flora
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 13(2): 966 (1938)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:411 (K, O, Mo, M, H [as Nasturtium sarmentosum]); Wagner & Herbst 1995:18 (Syn. N. sarmentosum = R. sarmentosa); Wagner, Herbst & Lorence 2005— (status change from pol? to ind); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:164 (remove Mo [no evidence of presence])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rorippa sarmentosa Nualolo Trail moist forest gulch, under dense ferns Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24890 Kauai BISH 1952-12-26
2 Rorippa sarmentosa E., Waikamoi weed along roadside near reservoirs in wet muddy soil Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2413 Maui BISH 1985-07-01
3 Rorippa sarmentosa Hilo, Kilauea Ave Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 576 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-31
4 Rorippa sarmentosa Kuanualoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1758 Maui BISH 1919-12-05
5 Rorippa sarmentosa Olau Flume Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 649 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-02
6 Rorippa sarmentosa unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
7 Rorippa sarmentosa Palama, open pastures Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. 73 Oahu BISH 1923-12-10
8 Rorippa sarmentosa W, Iao, canyon E of Iao Needle Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2053 Maui BISH 1984-03-31
9 Rorippa sarmentosa her garden, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Pukui, M.K. Oahu BISH 1931-03-14
10 Rorippa sarmentosa Wailuku, W Maui Forest Reserve. Gulch on E side of Iao Needle, between N fork Kinihapai Stream and Ae Stream, Iao Valley dry streambed at base of cliffs on upper slopes of W side of gulch Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5576 Maui BISH 1984-07-02
11 Rorippa sarmentosa Hawaii National Park, Kealakomo opening of lava tube Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 375 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-18
12 Rorippa sarmentosa East Maui, Waianapanapa State Park in lawn in front of cabin 1 Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1317 Maui BISH 1982-05-26
13 Rorippa sarmentosa Naunapuluo, Hanakapai, Napali Coast under guava tree Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10868 Kauai BISH 1930-12-30
14 Rorippa sarmentosa Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala on water fall Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1804 Oahu BISH 1912-05-01
15 Rorippa sarmentosa Hilo, Kilauea Ave. near Kanikaulu St Growing beneaath panax hedge alongside sidewalk in front of Togawa Orchids. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 576 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-31
16 Rorippa sarmentosa Pahole Gulch, Waialua, Waianae Mts., major gully in E section of gulch deep shade of Metrosideros, Schinus, Coprosma fauriei and Alyxia. Moist but well drained slope Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1602 Oahu BISH 1978-03-21
17 Rorippa sarmentosa Wailuku River wet Metrosideros rain forest in wet seep Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4871 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-27
18 Rorippa sarmentosa Hilo, Kilauea Ave, near Lanikaula St., in front of Togawa Orchids beneath panax hedge alongside side walk Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 576 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-31
19 Rorippa sarmentosa Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Mahanaloa Valley moss covered rock face in dappled sun. With Schiedea membranacea Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2084 Kauai BISH 1987-02-10
20 Rorippa sarmentosa Ditch trail W of Kokee stream partly in water Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35832 Kauai BISH 1960-11-19
21 Rorippa sarmentosa Hilo, Kilauea Ave. near Lanikaula St Growing beneath panax hedge alongside sidewalk in front of Togawa Orchids. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 576 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-31
22 Rorippa sarmentosa Manoa, where Manoa road turns into Oahu ave From grassy area between sidewalk and road. Partly shaded Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 1753 Oahu BISH 2021-05-01
23 Rorippa sarmentosa W branch, E Makaleha Stream, Mokuleia, Waianae Range mossy boulder, side of streambed. Banks of gulch, in shade of Aleurites moluccana trees Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 396 Oahu BISH 1950-09-30
24 Rorippa sarmentosa specimens taken from a package mailed from there to US -land; opened by Postal inspectors -mably a weedy or cultivated species Preserved_Specimen Staples, G.W. 734 Oahu BISH 1991-04-30
25 Rorippa sarmentosa Waihee, Koolau Mts, Koolaupoko uncommon near stream in moist gully with Dicranopteris-Pipturus-Eugenia malaccensis Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2485 Oahu BISH 1982-06-27
26 Rorippa sarmentosa Seized at Honolulu International Airport. Cultivated? Or more likely weedy. Preserved_Specimen Hoe, W.J. Oahu BISH 1991-11-08
27 Rorippa sarmentosa Waianae Mts., Mokuleia Forest Reserve, Pahole Gulch, 1st eastern subgluch In moist crack in rocks, shaded, in mixed mesophytic forest with Pisonia, Hedyotis, Gouldia, Psychotria, Charpentiera, Morinda, and Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5352 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
28 Rorippa sarmentosa Honouliuli, below Pohakea Pass gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. Oahu BISH 1947-06-15
29 Rorippa sarmentosa Puu Kaua, Waianae Mts, S fork of Ekahanui Gulch, Honouliuli thicket by trail Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18686 Oahu BISH 1938-02-27
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