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Portulaca pilosa

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Portulacaceae Genus: Portulaca

‘ākulikuli (Ni‘ihau), ‘ākulikuli [akulikuli], hairy pigweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems green when young, usually purplish red when exposed to sun, prostrate to weakly ascending, 3–20 cm long, forming irregular mats.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or clustered at the ends of the branches. Blades oblong–elliptic to linear, 4–15(–25) mm long, 0.5–2(–4) mm wide, upper ones occasionally involucrate around the flowers, succulent, tuft of hairs in the axil. Margins entire. Petioles ca. 1–2 mm long, with a tuft of hairs 1–18 mm long in the axil. Stipules 2, connate basally.

Flowers: Flowers (1–)2–10 in congested terminal cymes subtended by a series of involucrate leaves ca. 10–12 mm long. Bracteoles 0.7–2.5 mm long, partly obscured by hairs ca. 3–18 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular, sessile or subsessile. Calyx of 2 sepals; sepals imbricate, persistent, 2.5–5 mm long, margins somewhat scarious, apex sometimes inconspicuously hooded. Corolla of (4)5, magenta, obovate, 5–6(–10) mm long, distinct or connate at base, imbricate. Stamens (7–) 20–30; filaments usually puberulent; anthers globose to elliptic, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary partly inferior, 2–3(–9)-carpellate, soon becoming 1-celled; ovules numerous, placentation free-central; styles 2–9 and 3–7-branched.

Fruit: Capsules membranous; broadly ellipsoid; ca. 2–3(–4) mm long; circumscissile at or slightly below middle. Seeds dark blue with a metallic luster; the surface tuberculate; especially along margins.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 18; 36

Habitat: Dry; open; strand to coastal habitats or lava fields.

Elevation Range: 0–620 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (37)

Portulaca advena Reichg. & Poelln. (1939)
Portulaca cincta Fenzl (1857)
Portulaca cyanosperma Egler (1937)
Portulaca cyathostyla Gagnep. (1909)
Portulaca dubia Tepper (1893)
Portulaca ehrenbergii Poelln. (1941)
Portulaca foliosa A.DC. (1874)
Portulaca gagatosperma Millsp. (1909)
Portulaca halimoides var. brevipilosa Poelln. (1941)
Portulaca helianthemoides Zipp. ex Span. (1841)
Portulaca involucrata Haw. (1821)
Portulaca javanensis Poelln. (1943)
Portulaca javanensis var. grisea Poelln. (1943)
Portulaca karwinskii Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. (1846)
Portulaca lakhonensis Gagnep. (1909)
Portulaca lanata Rich. (1792)
Portulaca lanuginosa Crantz (1766)
Portulaca microsperma Domin (1925)
Portulaca mundula I.M.Johnst. (1948)
Portulaca napiformis F.Muell. ex Benth. (1863)
Portulaca pachyrrhiza Gagnep. (1909)
Portulaca pilosa f. aurantiaca Kuntze (1898)
Portulaca pilosa f. mexicana D.Legrand (1962)
Portulaca pilosa f. procumbens (Urb. & Ekman) D.Legrand (1962)
Portulaca pilosa f. rubra Kuntze (1898)
Portulaca pilosa subsp. lakhonensis (Gagnep.) Geesink (1969)
Portulaca pilosa subsp. pilosa
Portulaca pilosa var. guyannensis D.Legrand (1962)
Portulaca pilosa var. mundula (I.M.Johnst.) D.Legrand (1962)
Portulaca pilosa var. normalis Kuntze (1898)
Portulaca pilosa var. paraguayensis Kuntze (1898)
Portulaca pilosissima Hook. (1830)
Portulaca procumbens Urb. & Ekman (1931)
Portulaca remota Poelln. (1934)
Portulaca sedoides Spruce ex Rohrb. (1872)
Portulaca talmyana Gagnep. (1909)
Portulaca vilmoriana H.Lév. (1910)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ka'ula Naturalized
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 445 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1072 (Ni, K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:465 (KEY), 466 (DESCR); Wood & LeGrande 2006:27 (Le? [reported but no spm.]); Starr & Starr 2017:6 (Ka); Note: Kl added, based on BISH spms. (R. Daehler 7, R. Daehler 18, D.R. Herbst 6221)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Portulaca pilosa Molokini Islet Occasional. Scattered. In open areas. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 6040518 Maui BISH 2006-04-05
2 Portulaca pilosa Kekaha, Waimea sandy flat Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13614 Kauai BISH 1933-12-24
3 Portulaca pilosa Nukumoi, Koloa coast Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12629 Kauai BISH 1939-12-28
4 Portulaca pilosa West Maui, Olowalu Growing in an open field near where a small nursery was located. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 4197 Maui BISH 2004-12-15
5 Portulaca pilosa Spouting Horn Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86058 Kauai BISH 1987-03-26
6 Portulaca pilosa Collected near Kohanaiki anchialine pond, South Kona. Found in open sandy areas and in rocky places. Common cohorts are Heliotropum curassavicum, Waltheria indica, Fimbrystylis sp., and Chenopodium alba. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E. 206 Hawaii BISH 1990-04-23
7 Portulaca pilosa Waikapuna, on Kau coast below Maalehu, Kau District, near sea level Growing in sandy substrate with Scaevola taccada, Ipomoea brasiliensis and exotic grasses such as Chloris and Cenchrus. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 709 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-16
8 Portulaca pilosa Molokini Islet inner slopes and crest Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1242 Maui BISH 1982-02-14
9 Portulaca pilosa Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Ahihi Bay at the N end of the reserve Pockets of vegetation near the seashore amongst a'a lava about 200 years old. Prostrate; mat-forming; mostly rusty red; but a small patch of green plants growing between rocks. Flowers purple. Preserved_Specimen Abbott, I.A. 91.2 Maui BISH 1991-03-05
10 Portulaca pilosa Volcano National Park: Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Very open Metrosideros-Diospyros forest In fine soil pockets among coarse colluvial a`a rocks, steep slope. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 256 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-02
11 Portulaca pilosa Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Occasional in ash and cinder pockets on pahoehoe flow. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 53712 Hawaii BISH 1971-04-14
12 Portulaca pilosa Barking Sands sheltered places on sand dunes and nearby sand flat Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12735 Kauai BISH 1935-12-31
13 Portulaca pilosa Kokee, along Weliweli Rd., ~1/2 mile from Koloa in thin layer of sandy soil and cracks in lava rock Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1202 Kauai BISH 1968-08-11
14 Portulaca pilosa South Point, Kau. On fields east of light house. Extremely common. Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 19650 Hawaii BISH 1949-03-14
15 Portulaca pilosa Lehua Seabird Sanctuary Coastal dry mixed shrub and grassland. Sida fallax, Tribulus cistoides, Portulaca oleracea, Euphorbia prostrata, Jacquemontia sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Williams, A.M. 640 Niihau BISH 2020-04-16
16 Portulaca pilosa Lualualei Valley. In grassland S of Dent Street Common herb in grassland S of Dent Street. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 8515 Oahu BISH 1992-09-01
17 Portulaca pilosa Waianae grass far from ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19280 Oahu BISH 1947-01-26
18 Portulaca pilosa barking Sands, Mana arid plain Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11369 Kauai BISH 1926-06-13
19 Portulaca pilosa Volcano National Park: Chain of Craters road 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Rd. 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area. SE side of road across from road pulloff. (plot 30) Salt spray community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 94 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
20 Portulaca pilosa Puu Keke Near beach. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27483 Kauai BISH 1960-11-23
21 Portulaca pilosa Polihale State Park, West in openings on sand dunes just back of the beach Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 53659 Kauai BISH 1971-04-04
22 Portulaca pilosa Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range Clustered in 2 m x 2 m depression on scraped bare coral limestone. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 55 Oahu BISH 2021-05-04
23 Portulaca pilosa Puuwaawaa: open rangeland along E. perimeter of 1986 burn. Filed no. Hawaii 219 On patches of bare a`a Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5778 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
24 Portulaca pilosa Volcanoes National Park: 1.5 mi from end of Hilina Pali Rd., down Hilina Pali Switchback. Near two large Metrosideros trees 10 m from sharp turn in trail, just below small forest of trees. (plot46a) Very open Metrosideros-Diospyros forest on a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 954 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-22
25 Portulaca pilosa Below Pahala, Kau District Growing in ash substrate with exotic grasses and shrubs in area used for grazing cattle. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 874 Hawaii BISH 1981-09-06
26 Portulaca pilosa Koolau Poko District; Mokapu Peninsula Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Pyramid Rock Beach Common on dry slopes behind the beach. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9735 Oahu BISH 1995-12-05
27 Portulaca pilosa Kalae: lava flow just NE of South Point Local on accumulations of ash soil. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39292 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
28 Portulaca pilosa W Maui, Nakalele Point Coastal Bluff. Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3888 Maui BISH 1999-01-14
29 Portulaca pilosa Kekaha sandy flats near beach Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22971 Kauai BISH 1987-12-23
30 Portulaca pilosa S rim of Diamond Head Crater exposed, arid, rocky; with koa haole, Chloris, Cenchrus, Heteropogon, Waltheria, Passiflora foetida, Eragrostis tenella Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 514 Oahu BISH 1967-06-19
31 Portulaca pilosa Waimea, Barking Sands, PMRF coastal and inland sand dunes with Dodonaea, Sida fallax, Waltheria indica, Prosopis and Leucaena Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5776 Kauai BISH 1988-02-05
32 Portulaca pilosa Makahuena Point, Nawiliwili side near beach in sand dune area Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Kauai BISH 1963-07-21
33 Portulaca pilosa Honolulu District: Koko Head open places Preserved_Specimen Bruegmann, M.M. 103 Oahu BISH 1983-10-15
34 Portulaca pilosa Kilauea Crater hill Along crest of hill, with Lipochaeta, Chenopodium, and Euphorbia. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-21
35 Portulaca pilosa Volcanoes National Park: 1.5 mi from end of Hilina Pali Rd., down Hilina Pali Switchback. Near two large Metrosideros trees 10 m from sharp turn in trail, just below small forest of trees. (plot46a) Very open Metrosideros-Diospyros forest on a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 432 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-18
36 Portulaca pilosa Barking Sands back of beach; arid, sandy; with Nama, Jacquemontia, Ipomea pes-caprae, Scaevola, Cynodon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1201 Kauai BISH 1968-08-11
37 Portulaca pilosa Kaununui Loose coral sand back of fore dune Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22719 Niihau BISH 1947-08-11
38 Portulaca pilosa barking Sands, Mana arid plain Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11369 Kauai BISH 1926-06-13
39 Portulaca pilosa Lehua Rock; small, crescent-shaped cinder cone island (N of Niihau) Composed of volcanic tuff; scattered to dense vegetation of shrubs (Pluchea spp.) and herbs (Jacquemontia, Ageratum, Sicyos, and grasses). Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7134 Lehua Rock BISH 1992-01-10
40 Portulaca pilosa Polihale Beach Dune area. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
41 Portulaca pilosa Nukumoi, Koloa coast Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12629 Kauai BISH 1939-12-28
42 Portulaca pilosa Kawaihau District. Kapaa, along Kapaa bike path, on point south of Kealia beach. Naturalized in open, grassy area. Preserved_Specimen Brock, K. 875 Kauai BISH 2016-08-17
43 Portulaca pilosa Hakioawa, along rocky wall near camp on rocky outcrop, few scattered, naturalized; lowland coastal scrub with Prosopis pallida, Cenchrus ciliaris, Leonotis nepetifolia, Ageratum conyzoides Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 15121302 Kahoolawe BISH 2015-12-13
44 Portulaca pilosa Puu Keke near beach Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27483 Kauai BISH 1960-11-23
45 Portulaca pilosa Honouliuli, Ewa, near Magnetic Station dry coral flat, in sandy spots Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12808 Oahu BISH 1936-01-12
46 Portulaca pilosa barking Sands, Mana arid plain Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30274 Kauai BISH 1926-06-13
47 Portulaca pilosa Polihale Beach Dune area. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
48 Portulaca pilosa Lualailua, S slope of Haleakala cinder Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 555 Maui BISH 1983-10-02
49 Portulaca pilosa Kekaha Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27482 Kauai BISH 1960-11-22
50 Portulaca pilosa W of the Sea Arch, about 1 mi E of Kaena Point Pauau Common in ash-filled depressions on almost bare pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 46013 Hawaii BISH 1965-03-19
51 Portulaca pilosa [U.S.A.; Lehua Island Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 3759 Lehua Rock BISH 1937-01-01
52 Portulaca pilosa Kau: Kwonwokahuku, 10 ft from jeep road, opposite petroglyph area, within 100 ft of sand Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. 2 Hawaii BISH 1960-06-22
53 Portulaca pilosa Abundant on sandy flat Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 41 Hawaii BISH 1929-01-01
54 Portulaca pilosa Puu Kohola Heiau National Historic site, near visitor center Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9759 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-14
55 Portulaca pilosa makai crest of Diamond Head Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 642 Oahu BISH 1984-01-13
56 Portulaca pilosa Hanauma Bay Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86042 Oahu BISH 1986-12-07
57 Portulaca pilosa Ninole Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86035 Hawaii BISH 1986-11-29
58 Portulaca pilosa Kau District: Green Beach, Kaulani, in ash slope Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25385 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
59 Portulaca pilosa Kalae: W. side of South Point. On volcanic ash between rocks of road cut; near sea Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39280 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
60 Portulaca pilosa Panau Nui Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86029 Hawaii BISH 1986-11-28
61 Portulaca pilosa Kaalualu Bay near South Point, in rocky areas Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 10 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
62 Portulaca pilosa Paliku Point Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86071 Kauai BISH 1987-07-04
63 Portulaca pilosa Kalaupapa; airport, oceanview pavilion Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 420 Molokai BISH 2004-11-11
64 Portulaca pilosa Kapapa, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041829 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
65 Portulaca pilosa Kaohikaipu, Oahu. Near coast Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5022411 Oahu BISH 2005-02-24
66 Portulaca pilosa Ihiihilauakea crater, Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 8167 Oahu BISH 1978-12-12
67 Portulaca pilosa Molokini Islet; S of the landing on a 40 degree slope with a NW exposure Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 402 Maui BISH 1980-04-23
68 Portulaca pilosa 0.7 mi down Hilina Switchback Trail. In grassland at left of trail, just before first switchback. (plot46b) Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 774 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-03
69 Portulaca pilosa Puhimau Hot Spot, Hawaii Volcanos National Park Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86022 Hawaii BISH 1986-11-28
70 Portulaca pilosa Waimea; in dry pasture along Waikoloa Stream Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9878 Hawaii BISH 2000-05-23
71 Portulaca pilosa 1/3 to 2/3 mi SSEof Waikoloa substation. Vegetation dominated by naturalized grasses Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4714 Hawaii BISH 1982-11-20
72 Portulaca pilosa Manoa, old Castle home Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37409 Oahu BISH 1937-09-07
73 Portulaca pilosa Pearl City Preserved_Specimen Shigematsu, K. 412 Oahu BISH 1982-07-18
74 Portulaca pilosa Barking Sands Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1062 Kauai BISH 1922-02-11
75 Portulaca pilosa Pockets of soil in aa lava above Hapalua, Kawaoa Kau District. Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 49553 Hawaii BISH 1949-12-26
76 Portulaca pilosa Kau: Kahuka AHU. Tr 74 (end); SW slopes of Mauna Loa; kipuka S. of Kipuka Noa between 1887 & 1907 flows. On barren lava; dry along road cut Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1095 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
77 Portulaca pilosa Makena Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86097 Maui BISH 1988-06-18
78 Portulaca pilosa Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 12 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-19
79 Portulaca pilosa Polihale State Park Preserved_Specimen Kim, I. 86056 Kauai BISH 1987-03-26
80 Portulaca pilosa Kalae: lava flow just NE of South Point, on accumulations of ash soil Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39292 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
81 Portulaca pilosa Honolulu, Kapiolani Park. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1395 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
82 Portulaca pilosa Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Daehler, R. 18 Kaula Rock BISH 1976-01-20
83 Portulaca pilosa Peacock Flats, Pahola Gulch Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3067 Oahu BISH 1973-08-11
84 Portulaca pilosa Manoa, old Castle home Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37410 Oahu BISH 1937-09-07
85 Portulaca pilosa 6.5 mi dow South Point Road Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
86 Portulaca pilosa Manoa, old Castle home Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37409 Oahu BISH 1937-09-07
87 Portulaca pilosa Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 1 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
88 Portulaca pilosa Hoolehua Kii, Kalaupapa Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. Molokai BISH 1972-03-09
89 Portulaca pilosa Honolulu, Pineapple Res. Inst Preserved_Specimen Wentworth, J.O. Oahu BISH 1942-07-31
90 Portulaca pilosa Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-11-16
91 Portulaca pilosa Honolulu, Pineapple Res. Inst Preserved_Specimen Wentworth, J.O. Oahu BISH 1942-07-31
92 Portulaca pilosa Growing along path and road at Napoopoo Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-09-06
93 Portulaca pilosa Hoolehua Kii, Kalaupapa Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. Molokai BISH 1972-03-09
94 Portulaca pilosa Kau District: near South Point. Around site of old Waiakukini Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1954-05-23
95 Portulaca pilosa Puna, near the coast at Kamoamoa Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2872 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-20
96 Portulaca pilosa Ke Kuaaina, Na Laau Hawaii, Diamond Head Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH 1962-04-01
97 Portulaca pilosa Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 12 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-19
98 Portulaca pilosa Mokuhooniki, upper slopes. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1145 Molokai BISH 1981-09-08
99 Portulaca pilosa rim of Koko Crater Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2715 Oahu BISH 1959-01-16
100 Portulaca pilosa Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Daehler, R. 7 Kaula Rock BISH 1971-08-17
101 Portulaca pilosa Kaula Rock; N plateau Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6221 Kaula Rock BISH 1978-08-22
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