Geniostoma pumilum

(Hillebr.) Byng & Christenh. (2018)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Loganiaceae Genus: Geniostoma

kāmakahala [kamakahala]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Sparingly branched shrubs.

Stems: Stems sharply angled or slightly winged, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic–obovate, 4–10.5 cm long, 2–4.5 cm wide. Apex abruptly short-acuminate. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrous, Leaves pale and glaucous on lower surface, coriaceous at least when dry. Petioles 0–1 cm long. Stipules interpetiolar, may also be intrapetiolar, membranous, connate into a cup 5–9 mm long, distinct from petioles, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences terminal, flowers up to 15 in sessile cymes, peduncles 0–6 mm long, pedicels 8–11 mm long, elongating to 10–13 mm long in fruit, bracts linear–filiform, 5–7 mm long, bracteoles filiform, ca. 4 mm long, glabrous. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx 5-merous, lobes subequal, sepals united at base, oblong to oblong–lanceolate, 6–11 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, imbricate, conspicuously 5–7–nerved, inner surface of calyx often with colleters at the base. Corolla 5-merous, orange, 15–16 mm long, the tube not or slightly flaring, 9–10 mm long, short–hirsute externally, the lobes narrowly deltate, 5–7 mm long, apex acute; lobes imbricate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, alternipetalous, attached to mouth of corolla, exserted, usually recurved after anthesis, glabrous or hairy; filaments mostly short; anthers 2-celled, introrse, connective often extended to form an apical appendage, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or partly inferior, 2– or 3-locular, sometimes partitions imperfect in upper part of ovary, glabrous or slightly pubescent near apex, pistillode glabrous; ovules numerous, amphitropous, placentation axiles; style terminal, mostly short; stigma clavate, ellipsoid, to globular, sometimes ± oblong, about as large as ovary.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid–trigonous; 9–14 mm long; 6–8 mm in diameter; 3–valved; septicidal to sub–septifragal; valves obscurely to conspicuously keeled near apex; keel 0.5–1.5 mm wide; apex with a beak 1.5–2.5 mm long; maturing to green; with or without a black–purple tinge; usually becoming brown–black when over–mature. Seeds ± winged at both ends or all around; embedded in juicy orange to red pulp; numerous; ellipsoid to subglobular; intruded on the hilar side; surface mostly minutely papillose to areolate; brown to black; endosperm thick; fleshy; oily; proteinaceous; with saccharose or hemicellulose; embryo small; straight.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring on hummocks in bogs and probably bog margins.

Elevation Range: 1,060–1,390 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Global Fl. 4: 145 (2018)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:860 (K [as Labordia pumila]); Gibbons et al. 2012/Christenhusz et al. 2018:145 (Syn. L. pumila = G. pumilum)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details E wind-swept ridges, montane shrubs with forest patches on flanks. 100% native with Dicranopteris & Diplopterygium 1 - 2 m tall, Melicope feddei, Cheirodendron dominii, Dubautia knudsenii, D laxa, Labordia waialealae, L. pumila, Lobelia kauaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12291 Kauai BISH 2007-03-06
2 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Metrosideros-Oreobolus Bog W/ Machaerina, Metrosideros waialealae, M. polymorpha, Dicranopteris, Labordia waialealae, Diplopterygium, Dubautia, Cheirodendron dominii, Astelia, Myrsine helleri, Vaccinium, Broussaisia, Saddleria,. On hummock Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 2492 Kauai BISH 2011-02-03
3 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland w/Dubautia imbricata supbp. acronaea, D. knudsenii subsp. filiformis, D. laxa subsp hirsuta, D. paleata, D. raillardioides, D. pauciflorula, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. souleyetiana, S. squ Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16197 Kauai BISH 2015-01-07
4 Geniostoma pumilum Track from Alapai, swamp to Waialeale summit In swamp forest Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 11722 Kauai BISH 1977-09-03
5 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In swamp forest. Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 11722 Kauai BISH 1977-09-03
6 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details montane bogs; Rhynchospora chinensis, R. rugosa, Dichanthelium, Deschampsia, Machaerina, Plantago pachyphylla, Viola, Metrosideros, Dubautia waialealae, D. imbricata, D. laxa, Cheirodendron dominii, Leptecophylla tameiameiae Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11663 Kauai BISH 2005-12-30
7 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed bogs along rolling hills of pali in wind swept area w/ Carex sp, Rhynchospora, Vaccinium, Lagenifera, Viola kauaiense, Dubautia paleata. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 3671 Kauai BISH 1994-10-25
8 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open boggy areas. Metrosideros bogss and Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with Cibotium, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Rhynchospora, Viola, Melicope, Styphelia, Stenogyne, Drosera, Lagenifera, Dubautia paleata, Labordia, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 9206 Kauai BISH 1988-05-19
9 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Bushy hummocks in bog. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23059 Kauai BISH 1947-12-25
10 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8884 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
11 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1153 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
12 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 938 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
13 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8884 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
14 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4874 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
15 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5813 Kauai BISH 1909-09-23
16 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
17 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 905 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
18 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
19 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest, bogs and riparian habitats w/ Broussaisia arguta, Dubautia paleata, Labordia waialealae, L. Pumila, Polyscias waialealae, Vaccinum calycinum, Pipturus ruber, Deschampsia nubigena, Machaerina angustifolia, Melicope clusiifolia, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17919 Kauai BISH 2018-08-14
20 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details E wind-swept ridges, montane shrubs with forest patches on flanks. 100% native with Dicranopteris & Diplopterygium 1 - 2 m tall, Melicope feddei, Cheirodendron dominii, Dubautia knudsenii, D laxa, Labordia waialealae, L. pumila, Lobelia kauaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12287 Kauai BISH 2007-03-06
21 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest and Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland with occasional small open bogs w/ Dubautia imbricata subsp. Acronaea, D. Paleata, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. Pallida, S. Squarrosa, Antidesma, Astelia argyrocoma, Bidens forbesii, Broussasia arguta, Coprosma kauaense, Ilex anomala. Preserved_Specimen K.R. Wood 19535 Kauai BISH 2024-07-02
22 Geniostoma pumilum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream banks. Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland/fernland, high wind summit slopes w/ Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, Vaccinum calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. paleata, D. imbricata acronaea, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens forbes Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15470 Kauai BISH 2013-04-03