Lepidium africanum

(Burm.f.) DC. (1821)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Lepidium

peppergrass, pepperwort

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs, pubescent with simple hairs.

Stems: Stems erect, (2–)3–5 dm long, branched, the branches usually ascending, finely puberulent, glabrate with age.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or rarely opposite, variable, cauline ones in fascicles. Blades linear–lanceolate, 1–4 cm long. Margins pinnately lobed, serrate or entire. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually bractless in elongate racemes usually 4–10 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular; white, pale yellow, or greenish, usually 2–3 mm long, sometimes absent. Calyx of 4 sepals, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, sometimes the inner 2 with gibbous bases that hold the nectar; ca. 0.7–0.8 mm long, caducous. Petals vestigial or absent. Stamens 2; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; styles short or essentially absent; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique; flattened at right angles to the septum; broadly oblong–elliptic; 2.5–5 mm long; distinctly longer than wide; the apical notch shallow; the margins scarcely exceeding the short style. Seeds 1 to numerous; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent; ca. 1.5 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Nat. 2: 552 (1821)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:407 (H [as L. hyssopifolium]); Wagner & Herbst 1995:17 (H, L. hyssopifolium misapplied = L. africanum); Oppenheimer 2003:8 (EM, WM); Wood 2006:16 (K); Frohlich & Lau 2010:6 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Lepidium africanum Central Oahu Regional Park (Waipio/Waikele) dozens of fruiting plants observed in a disturbed area, around large piles of dirt created by heavy machinery during construction of the Central Oahu Regional Park Preserved_Specimen Daehler, C. 1054 Oahu BISH 2003-05-18
2 Lepidium africanum Puu Laau Road, just above Saddle Road Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. Hawaii BISH 1985-06-25
3 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Dry montane forest UNKNOWN C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 1/19/1998
4 Lepidium africanum West Maui, Hahakea growing on old plantation road. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 4290 Maui BISH 2008-05-07
5 Lepidium africanum Central Oahu Regional Park (Waipio/Waikele) undeveloped, distrubed area bordering Central Oahu Regional Park Preserved_Specimen Daehler, C. 1112 Oahu BISH 2005-05-31
6 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Common among closely cropped grass or in patches of bare `a`a. Open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5790 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
7 Lepidium africanum Pohakuloa Training Area; gulch N of Puu Maau. Saddle Road Realingnment Project Upper slopes of gulch among scattered bunches of grass with occasional Dodonaea & mamane plants. Preserved_Specimen Nishida, G.M. Hawaii BISH 1996-09-06
8 Lepidium africanum Waikoloa. In lava fields adjacent to Hyatt Waikoloa Golf Course near petroglyph field. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 4083 Hawaii BISH 1990-03-27
9 Lepidium africanum W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokahua, on ridge betw Honokahua & Mokupea Gulch, near golf course Growing in waste area. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 30124 Maui BISH 2001-03-17
10 Lepidium africanum Mauna Kea (Puu Laau Road) In open mamane-naio forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 34 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-19
11 Lepidium africanum Schofield Barracks, quarry near Kolekole Pass Growing among Panicum maximum, Acacia confusa, Grevillea robusta, Leucaena leucocephala and a variety of mixed weedy pioneer species. Preserved_Specimen Beachy, J. 91 Oahu BISH 2008-05-06
12 Lepidium africanum Above Puu Kawaiwai, Kohala Locally common on dry weedy slope with scattered small trees Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 42132 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-10
13 Lepidium africanum East Maui, Makawao District, Kaonoulu, On Waipoli Rd Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50125 Maui BISH 2001-05-20
14 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa; open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Common among closely cropped grass or in patches of bare a'a Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5790 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
15 Lepidium africanum Hamakua; Kaohe Game Management Area G; W slope of Mauna Kea dry montane forest Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3768 Hawaii BISH 1998-01-19
16 Lepidium africanum West Maui, Halepohaku Ridge, Koai Peak. Open windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. 3276 Maui BISH 1991-01-10
17 Lepidium africanum Kunia Rd, about 3 km N of the H1 Dry, sunny roadside Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 3012 Oahu BISH 2023-01-18
18 Lepidium africanum By old facilities, i.e., stone cabins below Mid Level facilities (outside of study area). Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 85.019 Hawaii BISH 1985-05-27
19 Lepidium africanum Kuaokala, upper Manini Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2433 Oahu BISH 1985-09-01
20 Lepidium africanum Mauna Kea (Puu Laau Road) Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5321 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-21
21 Lepidium africanum Kipuka Kalawamauna below Pohakuloa Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 60626 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-10