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Pipturus kauaiensis

A.Heller (1897)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Pipturus

māmake [mamake], māmaki [mamaki]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall; branches slender, with brown bark, puberulent with fine, appressed, white hairs, glabrate with age.

Stems: Watery sap.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, deeply 2–lobed, 6–18.5 cm long, 2–6.5 cm wide. Apex long-acuminate, usually slightly oblique. Base rounded to cuneate. Surfaces finely strigillose with white hairs, glabrate with age, veins moderately strigillose, areoles densely pure white woolly pubescent, completely obscuring surface, petioles strigillose, white strigillose toward base of lobe; thin, chartaceous; upper surfaces dark green, nearly smooth, cystoliths small and inconspicuous; lower surfaces pure white and usually appearing strongly glaucous, very conspicuous in contrast to white areoles, caducous. Margins regularly coarsely serrate. Veins slightly raised. Petioles (1–)1.5–4.5(–6.5) cm long. Stipules chartaceous, ca. 6.5 mm long, ca. 5.5 mm wide.

Flowers: Flowers in clusters ca. 3–4 mm in diameter, usually dimorphic in size, pistillate clusters larger. Plants gynodioecious, puberulent, unisexual. Calyx of staminate flowers 2–2.4 mm long, pistillate Calyx ca. 1 mm long enlarging to 1.4–1.5 mm long in fruit, hirsute. Corolla (petals) absent. Staminate flower filaments incurved in bud, elastically reflexed when pollen is shed; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), psuedomonomerous, 1-celled; ovule 1, basal; style 1; Staminate flower ovary vestigial and sterile.

Fruit: Achenes pale brown or gray; ovoid; 0.9–1 mm long; constricted below. Seeds 1 per achene.

Ploidy: 2n = 28*

Habitat: Occurring in mesic valleys and diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 60–1,280 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 60-1280 m
  • Description digitized by Olivia Kraus
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 815 (1897)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1309 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrubby forehill. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17635 Kauai BISH 1939-12-23
2 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On moist slope in valley with small stream on north-facing slope with Pandanus forest. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5786 Kauai BISH 1988-02-12
3 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along shaded rivulet. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23889 Kauai BISH 1955-09-12
4 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Pandanus, Cordyline, Aleurites, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3977 Kauai BISH 1969-07-01
5 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist lower forest, steep slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13911 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
6 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Stream bank in narrow gorge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10872 Kauai BISH 1930-12-30
7 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Pandanus, Cordyline, Aleurites, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3977 Kauai BISH 1969-07-30
8 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ca. 1000 m. high laced with waterfalls; low primary vegetation of small, stunted trees 1-2 m. tall, numerous pteridophytes, and Gunnera over saturated, rocky ground. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5341 Kauai BISH 1987-07-23
9 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Wilkesia, Psychotria, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Euphorbia, Pipturus, Acacia. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 221 Kauai BISH 1989-08-09
10 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In non-flowing rocky stream bed.Metrosideros Lowland Wet Forest and Shrubland Antidesma, Broussaisia, Kadua, Machaerina, Freycinetia, Coprosma granadensis, Scaevola, Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia, Sadleria, Syzygium, Cyanea, Dubautia, Gunnera, Christella, Cyrtandra Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 2987 Kauai BISH 2012-02-15
11 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist shaded gulch. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24937 Kauai BISH 1952-12-31
12 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along small stream. Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 851 Kauai BISH 1927-02-22
13 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Edge of lower forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17639 Kauai BISH 1939-12-23
14 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Almost undisturbed low elevation rainforest; in drainage bottom. Predominantly Metrosideros, Antidesma, Cibotium, and Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2643 Kauai BISH 1987-12-10
15 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Below ledges. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20575 Kauai BISH 1950-02-04
16 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Associated with Aleurites moluccana. Preserved_Specimen Nicharat, S. 127 Kauai BISH 1964-12-28
17 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13657 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
18 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic, summer-dry forest. Associated with Metrosideros, Hillebrandia, Myrsine. Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 2441 Kauai BISH 1981-07-25
19 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry forest area; associated with Neraudia, Charpentiera, Aleurites moluccana, Pelea glabra, Boehmeria grandis, Oplismenus. Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 1759 Kauai BISH 1980-05-25
20 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near Streambed. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 185 Kauai BISH 1980-04-10
21 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In sunny wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21710 Kauai BISH 1952-01-17
22 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Stream bed in moist woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13950 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
23 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pandanus forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10912 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
24 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist lower forest, bottom of small draw. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13913 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
25 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In shady, rocky gully which is a streambed during period of rain. With Urera sandwicensis, Hedyotis acuminata, Pisonia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra, Cordyline terminalis. In shade of grove of Aleurites moluccana trees. Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 1653 Kauai BISH 1964-12-05
26 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest and shrubland surrounded by ca. 1000 meter cliffs with Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphyllum var hillebrandii, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, P. kauaiensis, Urera glabra, Kadua centranthoides, Touchardia latifolia, Dianella sandwicens Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18828 Kauai BISH 2021-09-29
27 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In wet forest near a stream. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1487 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
28 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5003 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
29 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details occasionally found growing along the Hanakapiai Falls trail, Na Pali Coast. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 334 Kauai BISH 1980-04-11
30 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23853 Kauai BISH 1955-10-07
31 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrubby-arboreous in stunted wind-swept vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1646 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
32 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist, shaded gulch. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23003 Kauai BISH 1947-12-24
33 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 509 Kauai BISH 1909-12-01
34 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3032 Kauai BISH 1938-08-20
35 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22918 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
36 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 640 Kauai BISH 1916-10-21
37 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 101 Kauai BISH 1909-07-31
38 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Damp, sunny embankment. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2051 Kauai BISH 1922-09-09
39 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Found growing along the trail. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 335 Kauai BISH 1980-04-11
40 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lower woods, by stream. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23173 Kauai BISH 1948-01-01
41 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Associated with Eugenia sp. Preserved_Specimen Nicharat, S. 125 Kauai BISH 1964-12-28
42 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stern, W.L. 1339 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
43 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2428 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
44 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 558 Kauai BISH 1916-10-10
45 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 22 Kauai BISH 1909-07-09
46 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17261 Kauai BISH 1920-01-01
47 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2428 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
48 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 668 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
49 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2428 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
50 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Kauai BISH 1930-02-25
51 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Kauai BISH 1930-02-25
52 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Kauai BISH 1930-02-14
53 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Kauai BISH 1930-01-21
54 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 912 Kauai BISH 1953-08-12
55 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist draw on steep slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13894 Kauai BISH 1933-12-30
56 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in mesophytic `Ohia forest. Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 194 Kauai BISH 1973-07-25
57 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest and shrubland surrounded by ca. 1000 m cliffs w/ Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Urera glabra, Kadua centranthoides, Touchardia latifolia, Dianella sandwicensis, Polyscias o Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18637 Kauai BISH 2021-01-28
58 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet, steep slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13518 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
59 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep, wet slope in Aleurites forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13520 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
60 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13666 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
61 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In system of old terraces-pocket terrace. Wet, shady side gulch. Preserved_Specimen Earle, E. 46 Kauai BISH 1972-09-10
62 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Associated with Eugenia sp. Preserved_Specimen Nicharat, S. 126 Kauai BISH 1964-12-28
63 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep, wet slope in Aleurites forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13517 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
64 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Associated with Eugenia sp. Preserved_Specimen Nicharat, S. 124 Kauai BISH 1964-12-28
65 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In sunny wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21710 Kauai BISH 1952-01-17
66 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In wet forest near a stream. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1488 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
67 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cultivated, from seeed collected in Upper Limahuli Preserve Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 10368 Kauai BISH 2012-11-21
68 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sunny woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27318 Kauai BISH 1961-03-12
69 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In moist area below cliff face. Locally common. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2868 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
70 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details By stream in moist woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13970 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
71 Pipturus kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ca. 1000 m. high laced with waterfalls; low primary vegetation of small, stunted trees 1-2 m. tall, numerous pteridophytes, and Gunnera over saturated, rocky ground. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5328 Kauai BISH 1987-07-23
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