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Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum

A.Gray (1862)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Boraginales Family: Heliotropiaceae Genus: Heliotropium

‘āhinahina ‘āhihi, hinahina, hinahina kū kahakai [hinahina ku kahakai], nohonohopu‘uone [nohonohopuuone] (Ni‘ihau), pōhinahina [pohinahina]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Prostrate subshrubs, sometimes forming mats.

Stems: Stems prostrate, decumbent, or sometimes ascending, producing many short side branches along the length of the main stem, 1–5(–10) dm long, flowering stems ascending to erect.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Usually alternate, distributed along the stem or, on young or flowering stems, densely clustered toward the tips and appearing whorled, thick but not fleshy. Blades linear–lanceolate to spatulate, 1–3(–5) cm long, (0.1–)0.2–0.5(–0.8) cm wide. Base blade gradually tapering to base. Surfaces densely soft, silky, appressed villous. Margins usually entire. Petiolate or sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in short, congested, bracteate cymes 0.8–1.3 cm long. Peduncles (1.5–)3–6.5 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or occasionally slightly irregular. Flowers sweetly fragrant. Calyx stiff, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes linear, unequal, 1–2 usually slightly broader than others, 2.5–3.5 mm long, densely appressed pubescent; sepals distinct or connate at base, sometimes to above the middle. Corolla white to pale purple, funnelform, 5–6-lobed, twice as long as the calyx, 6–11 mm long, the tube 5–8 mm long, appressed villous externally, especially on the tube; (4)5(6)-lobed, the tube often with scales at the summit opposite the lobes, formed by invagination of the corolla tube, the lobes imbricate or convolute, rarely valvate. Stamens as many as corolla lobes, subsessile, inserted on the corolla tube, not exserted. Ovary superior, 4-celled, entire, rounded, or 2–4-lobed; ovules usually 4, 2 per carpel, eventually 1 per cell, sometimes fewer by abortion, anatropous, erect, ascending, or nearly horizontal, rarely pendulous; style simple, terminal, seated in the pericarp; stigma with a fertile discoid base and a sterile, apical, often forked appendage.

Fruit: Fruit dry; lobed or unlobed; breaking up into nutlets; nutlets 4; 1–seeded; obovoid; slightly compressed; ca. 1 mm long; appressed villous. Seeds 1–4; endosperm absent or; if present; fleshy and scanty.

Ploidy: 2n = 28

Habitat: occurring in sandy sites in coastal areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Kaho'olawe Extirpated
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 339 (1862)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:395 (Ni, K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:199 (DESCR); Wood & LeGrande 2006:21 (Le); Wong 1972:40 (Ka, observed on southern tip of island); Wood & LeGrande 2006/Caum 16 BISH (Le†, 1931); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Lyon s.n. BISH 43195 (M†, 1909); Warren et al. 1994 (Ka†, 1972)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1958-05-03
2 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kapapa Islet Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-09-24
3 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waimanalo Beach near Sealife Park Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1967-03-25
4 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-08-08
5 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
6 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
7 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH
8 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
9 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waikapu Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1909-03-26
10 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kau District: Kamilo or vicinity of Hoonoua Pond Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH
11 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
12 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaneohe Bay: Kapapa Islet Sandy coral soil on raised reef. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14016 Oahu BISH 1937-06-06
13 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kailua: Lanikai; Mokulua Island; S islet Broken rocks. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12903 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
14 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Tip of Kaena Point In sand and sand pockets among volcanic boulders. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2210 Oahu BISH 1964-08-21
15 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Laie: Laniloa Peninsula Sun scorched, fossil reef exposed to storm waves. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27689 Oahu BISH 1961-10-28
16 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waianae District: Makaha Beach; below Maunalahilahi In patches on coral bench. Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5298 Oahu BISH 1947-04-05
17 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum East of Barbers Point lighthouse and S of Gilbert Coral sand beach. Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242186 Oahu BISH 1924-09-02
18 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Paoo Point to Haula, Mahaulepu Abundant in sandy and beach rock areas. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2206 Kauai BISH 1971-10-07
19 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kahuku Near beach. Preserved_Specimen Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1963-06-02
20 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Maunalua: Makapuu Head; upper beach Beach Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7061 Oahu BISH 1934-07-12
21 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Raised coral Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12883 Oahu BISH 1936-02-15
22 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Arid coastal dunes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 24109 Oahu BISH 1956-11-13
23 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum North Shore of Oahu, between Kaena Point and Kaiaka Bay Abundant on coral sand ridges along beach. Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242197 Oahu BISH 1924-09-04
24 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Makaha: Makaha Valley near Kepuhi Point Rocky upper edge of beach. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10516 Oahu BISH 1933-04-23
25 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kailua: Lanikai; Mokulua Island, north islet Flat rock surface. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12945 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
26 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kekepa, Oahu mostly on windward side. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 504187 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
27 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Koolaupoko District: Near Waimanalo Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
28 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13144 Oahu BISH 1936-05-31
29 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaneohe Bay: Kapapa Islet Sandy coral soil, protected by shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14013 Oahu BISH 1937-06-06
30 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaalualu Bay near South Point Found in several patches around Scaevola thickets on lava. Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 6 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
31 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kalani, Kaluakoi On inland coral sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23481 Molokai BISH 1948-12-24
32 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kapapa, Oahu Scattered plants on south side. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041824 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
33 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Makahoa Point, near Kahuku In sand overlying raised limestone reef platform. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-05-09
34 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Mahaulepu Coral plain, near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 86 Kauai BISH 1969-01-25
35 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kekepa Islet Plants growing in soil pockets or in thin soil layer over limestone base. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5861 Oahu BISH 1976-06-06
36 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaneohe Bay: Kapapa Islet Raised coral reef with shallow, sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6130 Oahu BISH 1978-05-24
37 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Mokapu Beach Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12844 Oahu BISH 1936-01-26
38 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Mokapu Beach Sand Dunes. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12844 Oahu BISH 1936-01-26
39 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Raised coral Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12871 Oahu BISH 1936-02-15
40 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum 5 miles SW of Ewa, one half mile east of Barbers Point In sandy soil behind dunes. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3828 Oahu BISH 1969-07-05
41 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kahuku: Kahuku Point Soil = shore silt. Preserved_Specimen Green, J.M. 6 Oahu BISH 1967-12-21
42 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kahuku Slope = 2; soil = sandy. Preserved_Specimen Guinto, J. 31 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
43 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Sand flats. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13149 Oahu BISH 1936-05-31
44 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 13845 Oahu BISH 1968-06-22
45 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Sealife Park Beach, north of Makapuu Point On sandy beaches and dunes together with Scaevola sericea var. suffruticosa. Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10190 Oahu BISH 1967-09-04
46 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Sand flats. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13145 Oahu BISH 1936-05-31
47 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Queens Beach: approx. five meters from highwater line From a circular colony on coral rubble. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 37 Oahu BISH 1984-01-02
48 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point, near searchlight tower, near road #11 Dry sandy beach, between shore and road, near railroad bed. Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 10 Oahu BISH 1949-10-09
49 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Rock, thinly ocvered with sand. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 8885 Oahu BISH 1932-11-08
50 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Maunalua: Koko Crater; Blow Hole On rocky shore. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10401 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
51 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi Sand dunes, sandy slope. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13438 Molokai BISH 1936-12-26
52 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kona District: North of Kailua Village On sand dunes near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. 1 Hawaii BISH 1957-06-18
53 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Koko Head Sea shore. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 161 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
54 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum 1.5 miles west of Moomomi Beach Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Aidem, J. Molokai BISH 1972-02-17
55 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kahuku: Golf Course Slope = 1 %. Soil = sandy. Preserved_Specimen Smith, M. 21 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
56 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Coral rock. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10581 Oahu BISH 1933-03-26
57 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Paoo Point area In shallow sand pockets in rock. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2207 Kauai BISH 1971-10-07
58 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Queen's Beach, 10 meters from highwater line, Common in area. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 79 Oahu BISH 1984-02-26
59 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waimanalo Bay: Kaohikaipu Islet Thin coral sand on basalt. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14043 Oahu BISH 1937-06-13
60 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi Sand dunes, sand flat, shaded. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13435 Molokai BISH 1936-12-26
61 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waimanalo Bay: Kaohikaipu Islet Thin coral sand on basalt. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14044 Oahu BISH 1937-06-13
62 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kipukai Common among hardened sand rocks. Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5337 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
63 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point In sand. Preserved_Specimen Leu, M. 42 Oahu BISH 1987-11-07
64 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Puu Keke Near beach. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27686 Kauai BISH 1960-11-25
65 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point In sand. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1399 Oahu BISH 1930-12-14
66 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi, Kaluakoi Common on sand dunes Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 19965 Molokai BISH 1939-01-03
67 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi Preserve sand dunes Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3800 Molokai BISH 1998-02-08
68 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kau District: Kau coast below Naalehu, between Kii and Kamilo Point, near sea level In sandy substrate several hundred yards above shoreline. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 703 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-15
69 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kanalo Valley Sand dunes opposite mouth of valley. Preserved_Specimen Robinson, A.E. Niihau BISH 1947-12-30
70 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Laiea: Laniloa Point On narrow meadow strips between seashore rocks, fairly abundantly. Preserved_Specimen Mäkinen, L. 66635 Oahu BISH 1966-04-23
71 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kahuku: Kahuku Point Near beach. Preserved_Specimen Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1961-01-02
72 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaununui On front dune, in coral sand. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22714 Niihau BISH 1947-08-11
73 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Growing in dry sand. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 766 Oahu BISH 1967-12-06
74 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waimanalo Bay, shores On low sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242145 Oahu BISH 1924-08-26
75 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1647 Oahu BISH 1911-02-25
76 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Rocky slopes and sand, rocky shore with tidepools. (Algae= Acetabularia noted in tidepools). Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2719 Oahu BISH 1959-01-27
77 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6029 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
78 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi sandhills Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 537 Molokai BISH 1922-07-26
79 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Near Makapu Point Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1409 Oahu BISH 1909-11-28
80 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Koloa Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 587 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
81 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 777 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
82 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi sandhills Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 689 Molokai BISH 1922-07-26
83 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena; Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 119 Oahu BISH 1949-10-09
84 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5104 Molokai BISH 1974-11-12
85 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum South Kohala District: along coast just south of Waiulua Bay; at the proposed Hemmeter Hotel site north of Anaehoomalu Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6942 Hawaii BISH 1985-05-10
86 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10237 Oahu BISH 1968-06-03
87 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Fagerlind, F. 7157 Oahu BISH 1978-04-25
88 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Ilio Point Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 13 Molokai BISH 1973-01-01
89 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 16 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
90 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 16 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
91 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Maunalua: Koko Crater; Blow Hole Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10401 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
92 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kalaupapa; coast, E of lighthouse Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 459 Molokai BISH 2004-11-18
93 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 69 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
94 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: beach 2 miles west of Kawaihapai Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9982 Oahu BISH 1929-11-03
95 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaena: Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1647 Oahu BISH 1911-02-25
96 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kukuihoolua Islet; off Laie Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-02
97 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 75 Oahu BISH 1908-12-14
98 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kaali Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
99 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Off Laie Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-02
100 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum First Islet east of Kawela Bay Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-06
101 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi District Preserved_Specimen Summers, C.C. Molokai BISH 1984-08-22
102 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kii Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
103 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
104 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Waialua Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
105 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Lualualei Beach Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1929 Oahu BISH 1914-07-01
106 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Queen's Beach Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 118 Oahu BISH 1982-01-28
107 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Niihau Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 587 Niihau BISH 1864-01-01
108 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kawela Preserved_Specimen Handy, E.S. 341 Oahu BISH 1934-03-30
109 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 610 Molokai BISH 1915-03-24
110 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Kipukai Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5337 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
111 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Maui Zoological & Botanical Gardens Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 50 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
112 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 74 Oahu BISH 1908-12-14
113 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum Popoia; small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
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