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Foeniculum vulgare

Mill. (1768)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Foeniculum

fennel

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout, 9–12 dm tall.

Stems: Caulescent, branched, glabrous and glaucous.

Roots: Taproots stout.

Leaves: Leaves compound (pinnately decompound). Alternate. Blades ovate to triangular with, with filiform ultimate divisions., ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4–40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Ovate to triangular, ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. Pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4-40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Surfaces glaucous to dark green. Margins highly dissected. Petioles 7–14 cm long, wholly sheathing. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles 1.5–6.5 cm long, rays 15–40 cm, spreading-ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, unequal, pedicels 2–10 mm long, subequal. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellow, obovate, with a narrower inflexed apex. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cells, anatropous; styles 2, usually swollen at base into a stylopodium. Styles short, the stylopodium conical; carpophore 2–parted.

Fruit: Fruit oblong; compressed laterally 3.5–4 mm long; 1.5–2 mm wide; ribs prominent and acute; mericarps subterete; glabrous; vittae solitary in the intervals; 2 on the commissure. Seeds 1 per mericarp; embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. seed face plane or slightly concave.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 22; 26; 30;44

Habitat: Cultivated and naturalized along roadsides; in pastures; and other open sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (49)

Anethum dulce DC. (1813)
Anethum foeniculum L. (1753)
Anethum foeniculum var. dulce (Mill.) Nois. (1825)
Anethum minus Gouan (1773)
Anethum panmori Roxb. (1824)
Anethum panmorium Roxb. (1810)
Anethum rupestre Salisb. (1796)
Foeniculum azoricum Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum capillaceum Gilib. (1782)
Foeniculum capillaceum proles dulce (Mill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum capillaceum var. macrocarpum Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum divaricatum Griseb. (1843)
Foeniculum dulce Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H.Karst. (1886)
Foeniculum giganteum Lojac. (1909)
Foeniculum officinale All. (1785)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. dulce (Mill.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. dulce (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Foeniculum officinale var. hortorum Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum officinale var. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. silvestre Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum panmorium (Roxb.) DC. (1830)
Foeniculum piperitum subsp. divaricatum (Griseb.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum piperitum var. pluriradiatum Boiss. (1872)
Foeniculum rigidum Brot. ex Steud. (1840)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. azoricum (Mill.) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. sativum (C.Presl) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare f. dulce (Mill.) Fiori & Paol. (1900)
Foeniculum vulgare f. pateri (Prodan) Borza (1949)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. capillaceum (Burnat) Holmboe (1914)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Janch. ex Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Foeniculum vulgare var. capillaceum Burnat (1906)
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt. & Trab. (1905)
Foeniculum vulgare var. inodorum Maire (1935)
Foeniculum vulgare var. sativum C.Presl (1826)
Ligusticum foeniculum (L.) Crantz (1767)
Meum foeniculum (L.) Spreng. (1820)
Meum piperatum Ten. (1829)
Meum piperinum Colla (1835)
Ozodia foeniculacea Wight & Arn. (1834)
Selinum foeniculum E.H.L.Krause (1904)
Seseli dulce (DC.) Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli foeniculum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli piperitum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Tenoria romana Schkuhr ex Spreng. (1820)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Perennial herbs. Native to Eurasia.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 1 (1768)

Other References

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner et al. 1990:204 (K, O, L, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:112 (KEY), 115 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Foeniculum vulgare N Maui, Waihu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 131 Maui BISH 1910-06-01
2 Foeniculum vulgare East Maui, Waiakoa Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 884 Maui BISH 1963-04-21
3 Foeniculum vulgare Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 494 Lanai BISH 1930-12-31
4 Foeniculum vulgare Manua Kea; Saddle road near the Girl Scout camp, around narrow bridge Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
5 Foeniculum vulgare Kona Preserved_Specimen Carlson, N.K. Hawaii BISH 1961-08-14
6 Foeniculum vulgare Firing Point 503, gully loamy; Eragrostis atropioides, Myoporum sandwicense Preserved_Specimen Douglas, P. 3175 Hawaii BISH 1989-01-18
7 Foeniculum vulgare Below Puu Ka Pele In clearing with ohia forest around it. Low spot that is a semi-meadow. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-18
8 Foeniculum vulgare W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2450 ft on a cindery saddle above a steep gorge with low statured Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Carex wahuensis, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea menziesii, Sida, Pellaea, Rhynchelytrum and exotic herbs and grasses Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1508 Maui BISH 1992-01-11
9 Foeniculum vulgare Mahana Valley Along stream. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8101 Hawaii BISH 1910-01-01
10 Foeniculum vulgare Kahua Ranch Occasional in pasture; dry place. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1628 Hawaii BISH 1936-09-04
11 Foeniculum vulgare Nuuanu Pali Road, Koolau Mts., Kailua Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10748 Oahu BISH 1935-01-05
12 Foeniculum vulgare Nuuanu Pali Road, Koolau Mts., Kailua Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10748 Oahu BISH 1935-01-05
13 Foeniculum vulgare Nuu Rough lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1905 Maui BISH 1920-03-09
14 Foeniculum vulgare Hamakua Dist.; Pohakuloa Training Area, along Saddle Road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1990-12-13
15 Foeniculum vulgare Kawaihae Paddock, Waimea, N. Kohala Occasional along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2292 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-11
16 Foeniculum vulgare Keomuku Road. Malau Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3509 Lanai BISH 1986-06-05
17 Foeniculum vulgare East Maui, 2.7 mi E of Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy (Hwy 31) On `a`a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occasional). Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4775 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
18 Foeniculum vulgare Mahana Valley Along stream. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8101 Hawaii BISH 1910-01-01
19 Foeniculum vulgare Koloa District, Kalaheo; yard of home at 3581 Kaloke St Plant purchased at commerical nursery, hort origin. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7707 Kauai BISH 1995-07-30
20 Foeniculum vulgare East Maui, 2 mi E of Ulupalakua On dry, exposed a`a lava slope. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 813 Maui BISH 1967-12-22
21 Foeniculum vulgare Kokee. Along Hwy 550 Growing w/Kikuyu grass, Lantana and Passiflora; at edge of Grevillea planting. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 885 Kauai BISH 1984-07-11
22 Foeniculum vulgare N Maui, Waihu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 131 Maui BISH 1910-06-01
23 Foeniculum vulgare Kokee. Along Hwy 550 Growing w/Kikuyu grass, Lantana and Passiflora; at edge of Grevillea planting. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 885 Kauai BISH 1984-07-11
24 Foeniculum vulgare Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 324 Lanai BISH 1913-11-12
25 Foeniculum vulgare Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 378 Lanai BISH 1928-08-01
26 Foeniculum vulgare Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 221 Lanai BISH 1913-11-12
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