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Elaphoglossum aemulum

(Kaulf.) Brack. (1854)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Dryopteridaceae Genus: Elaphoglossum

‘ēkaha, ‘opeha, laukahi nunui

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Bibliography

Name Published In: U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 71 (1854)

Other References

Palmer 2003:154 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Degener 30142 BISH (L†, 1964)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Elaphoglossum aemulum Poamoho, Koolau Range. Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1934-08-18
2 Elaphoglossum aemulum [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen von Chamisso, L.A. Oahu BISH 1816-01-01
3 Elaphoglossum aemulum Iao Valley Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1909-06-02
4 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
5 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waipio-Waiawa boundary ridge. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1924-10-06
6 Elaphoglossum aemulum East Maui, upper ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1908-12-10
7 Elaphoglossum aemulum Pupukea-Malaekahana Trail. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1928-11-09
8 Elaphoglossum aemulum Makaha Valley, Koolau Range, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
9 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mountains: Puu Kaua Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
10 Elaphoglossum aemulum [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen von Chamisso, L.A. Oahu BISH 1816-01-01
11 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-09
12 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waimalu, E branch Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-06-08
13 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waiapaa Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-02-18
14 Elaphoglossum aemulum Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-01-01
15 Elaphoglossum aemulum [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen von Chamisso, L.A. Oahu BISH 1816-01-01
16 Elaphoglossum aemulum Gulch at base of Kaala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-08-01
17 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kuliouou Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1520 Oahu BISH 1931-02-05
18 Elaphoglossum aemulum Honolulu: Tantalus Ridge Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1909-09-05
19 Elaphoglossum aemulum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1521 Oahu BISH 1931-02-05
20 Elaphoglossum aemulum Koolau Range: Poamoho Trail Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 61082704 Oahu BISH 1961-08-27
21 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1931 Oahu BISH 1964-08-01
22 Elaphoglossum aemulum unknown Preserved_Specimen Eaton, D.C. BISH
23 Elaphoglossum aemulum unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
24 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kukuinui ridge, Wailau Valley Moist woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13294 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
25 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waikolu Valley, steep valley wall below Puu Kaeo. Steep valley wall; wet forest; on ground. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23454 Molokai BISH 1948-12-22
26 Elaphoglossum aemulum Koolau Mountains: Wahiawa; Waikakalaua Gulch Found on dead fallen log at bottom of gulch. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 303 Oahu BISH 1930-09-14
27 Elaphoglossum aemulum Puu Kawiwi-Mt. Kaala ridge, Waianae Mts., Makaha-Waianaekai mossy tree trunk, wooded ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17570 Oahu BISH 1935-03-31
28 Elaphoglossum aemulum Koolau Mountains: Waipio; Kipapa Gulch On tree trunk, moist gully. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 580 Oahu BISH 1932-05-29
29 Elaphoglossum aemulum Maunalei, head of edge of forest Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 133 Lanai BISH 1913-08-30
30 Elaphoglossum aemulum Makua, SE part, steep side On Soil, edge of woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17665 Oahu BISH 1936-12-06
31 Elaphoglossum aemulum Oahu In forest, Kuliouou Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1519 Oahu BISH 1931-02-05
32 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kaiholena Ridge on ground in patch of forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 24283 Lanai BISH 1957-08-10
33 Elaphoglossum aemulum Koloa District. Wahiawa Mountains, Mt., Kahili, approximately 20 ft below main ridge top. Mesic Metrosideros polymorpha, blechnum, Christella dentata, psychotria mariana. Preserved_Specimen Harshman, K. 5 Kauai BISH 2018-08-13
34 Elaphoglossum aemulum Opaeula. Ahupuaa of Kawailoa. Northern Koolau mountains. Growing on bryophyte rich subsrtates in mesic/wet forest dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa, Bobea elatior, Cibotium chamissoi, Sadleria pallida, Dicranopteris linearis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Lindsaea repens var macraeana, Dryopteris glabra, Elaphoglossum alatum, Diplazium sandwichianum, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 756 Oahu BISH 2024-09-26
35 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kauai Grows around old trees. Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. 52 Kauai BISH
36 Elaphoglossum aemulum ridge S of Opaeula gulch rotten tree in rainy forest Preserved_Specimen Tsuji, N. Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
37 Elaphoglossum aemulum West Maui, Waihee low statured wet ohia forest, on mossy stumps, trailside Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 7533 Maui BISH 1992-03-24
38 Elaphoglossum aemulum Napali-Kona FR, jeep road just S of Alakai Swamp Trail swamp, moist woods Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1994 Kauai BISH 1964-08-12
39 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waimea District; Kuia Natural Area Reserve Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea viscosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Planchonella sandwicensis, Dryopteris glabra, Doodia kunthiana, Panic Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16649 Kauai BISH 2015-11-06
40 Elaphoglossum aemulum near Kainalo Huluhulu Ranger Station, Kokee fallen log in moist forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12729 Kauai BISH 1935-12-30
41 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waiahole Forest Reserve. Haiku Valley, Heeia ON mossy log on wooded ridge, only one large tuft. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12269 Oahu BISH 1932-12-11
42 Elaphoglossum aemulum Trail from Kamoku Flats to Puu Kolekole Grownign around tree base in open woods Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1655 Molokai BISH 1964-07-03
43 Elaphoglossum aemulum Alakai Swamp Trail tree bases, low stumps near soil Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1463 Kauai BISH 1964-06-19
44 Elaphoglossum aemulum Manini Gulch. Next to area recently burned. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1984-05-24
45 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waimea District. Nuololo, central branch Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine laniensis, Dracenea aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea breivpes, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15032 Kauai BISH 2012-06-19
46 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kuaokala near Kahanahaiki rim Densely shaded but summer-dry gulch surrounded by Psidium wasteland, hundreds of plants in a continuous carpet across the higher slopes, intermixed with Diellia falcata, Polypodium pellucidum, Asplenium kaulfussii, Asplenium horridum. Doodia kunthiana, Microlepia strigosa, Nephrolepis exaltata? and Dryopteris sp. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3452 Oahu BISH 1987-03-14
47 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kalulu, Kapano Gulch woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18763 Lanai BISH 1938-04-10
48 Elaphoglossum aemulum On sub ridge below Puu Kaua overlooking Kunia. Southern Waianae mountains. Disturbed mesic forest of Psidium cattleianum, Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Schinus terebinthifolius, Polypodium pellucidum, Elaphoglossum alatum, Microlepia strigosa, Christella dentata, C. parasitica, Miconia crenata, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 253 Oahu BISH 2022-02-02
49 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waikolu Valley, Steep valley wall below Puu Kaeo wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23454 Molokai BISH 1948-12-22
50 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waipio, Waikakalaua Gulch, Koolau Mts By stream, on mossy tree trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10568 Oahu BISH 1930-09-14
51 Elaphoglossum aemulum HANALEI District Hono O Na Pali NAR, Hanakapiai headwaters, western branch, east of Moalalele. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest and deeply carved drainage with riparian vegetation w/Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana. P.hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Syzygium sandwicensis. Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardiodes, D. laxa, Melicope wawrana, M. clusiifolia, Myrsine w epiphytic on Syzygium sandwicensis, occasional Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15979 Kauai BISH 2014-07-02
52 Elaphoglossum aemulum Wahiawa Swamp, 4 mi. N of Kalaheo on tree bases and stumps in wooded areas Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1506 Kauai BISH 1964-06-20
53 Elaphoglossum aemulum E ridge of Puu Kalena Waianae Mts. Waianaeuka Moist forest, base of tree Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13022 Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
54 Elaphoglossum aemulum Ridge SE Maakua Gulch, Hauula Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12293 Oahu BISH 1935-10-27
55 Elaphoglossum aemulum Keauohana, Kehena Ahupuaa, Keauohana Forest Reserve, Puna District. Growing on the NW side of a Ohia tree about 1m from the ground. In Keauohana Forest Reserve, about 30m makai of highway 130 near its intersection with Upper Puna Road. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Pipturus albidus, Freycinetia arborea, Nephrolepis brownii. Preserved_Specimen VanderMark, J. 73 Hawaii BISH 2024-04-19
56 Elaphoglossum aemulum Haalelepaakai, unnamed gulch SE on ground in densely shaded underbrush Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30142 Lanai BISH 1964-01-13
57 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Range: Makaha Valley Epiphytic on tree trunk. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 199 Oahu BISH 1952-11-30
58 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mountains: Waianaeuka; est ridge of Puu Kalena Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Hartung, M. Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
59 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waipio District, Waikakalaua Gulch By open creek among other ferns on tree trunk. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 211 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
60 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mountains: Puu Kanehoa On wooded slope. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 360 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
61 Elaphoglossum aemulum West Maui, Hanaula Iki mesic; Styphelia, Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Coprosma foliosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Pittosporum glabrum, Pleomele auwahiensis, Microlepia strigosa, Dicranopteris linearis, Carex meyenii, C. wahuensis, Morelotia gahniiformis, Trisetum inaequale, Alyxia oliviformis, Smilax melastomifolia Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11556 Maui BISH 2005-10-10
62 Elaphoglossum aemulum Head of keekee Gulch, Kuaokala forest reserve, Waianae Mts side of small bushy draw Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13311 Oahu BISH 1936-09-08
63 Elaphoglossum aemulum Palikea Trail, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1903 Oahu BISH 1964-07-31
64 Elaphoglossum aemulum W Maui, ridge above Kekaalaau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3899 Maui BISH 1995-11-08
65 Elaphoglossum aemulum Castle Trail above Punaluu Stream Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1394 Oahu BISH 1964-06-16
66 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts. near Puu Kauanear summit of ridge. Island of Oahu, T.H Preserved_Specimen Gillespie, J.W. 1067 Oahu BISH 1927-07-08
67 Elaphoglossum aemulum East Maui, Manawainui Planeze on Cable ridge Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2175001 Maui BISH 2004-02-10
68 Elaphoglossum aemulum Pauoa Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 182 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
69 Elaphoglossum aemulum W Maui, Lahaina District, Kaulalewelewe, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620418042 Maui BISH 1962-04-18
70 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts.; Dupont Trail to Puu Kaala 21.5N 158.1W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620225334 Oahu BISH 1962-02-25
71 Elaphoglossum aemulum Oahu Trees. Preserved_Specimen Judd, J.R. 43 Oahu BISH 1888-01-01
72 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waimea District. Poopooiki Valle, Kuia Natural Area Reserve. Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea visosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Planchonella sandwicensis, Pittosporum kauaiensis, Dryopteris glabra, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16285 Kauai BISH 2015-02-05
73 Elaphoglossum aemulum trail below Lehua maka moe bog on ohia at 4'; circular platform around trunk, with Alyxia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 180 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
74 Elaphoglossum aemulum Hawaiian Islands Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 31 Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
75 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kalihi, just below top of right ridge Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 53 Oahu BISH 1930-11-22
76 Elaphoglossum aemulum West Maui, Olowalu Valley, up central ridge almost to the backbone peak Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2333 Maui BISH 1920-05-12
77 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kaalakai, along ridge Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2640 Oahu BISH 1923-05-06
78 Elaphoglossum aemulum Mokuleia, 2nd gulch E of Puu Kaupakuhale, NE slope of Puu Kaala Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12146 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
79 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kalalau trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1908-08-20
80 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kalaupapa Trail Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25230 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
81 Elaphoglossum aemulum Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2244 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
82 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mountains: between Mauna Kapu and Palikea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611209024 Oahu BISH 1961-12-09
83 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts.; Maunakapu-Palikea 21.4N 158.1W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611029059 Oahu BISH 1961-10-29
84 Elaphoglossum aemulum Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Alakai Swamp Trail.Picnic Area at trailhead Preserved_Specimen Ranker, T.A. 1990 Kauai BISH 2004-03-21
85 Elaphoglossum aemulum Mts. near Koele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 87 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
86 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mountains: Puu Kanehoa Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3453 Oahu BISH 1960-04-30
87 Elaphoglossum aemulum W Maui, ridge above Kekaalaau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3901 Maui BISH 1995-11-08
88 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts.; Palikea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611209037 Oahu BISH 1961-12-09
89 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts.; between Mauna Kapu and Palikea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611202031 Oahu BISH 1961-12-02
90 Elaphoglossum aemulum East Maui, Hana Rain Forest between mid camp and upper camp Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. 399 Maui BISH 1973-08-07
91 Elaphoglossum aemulum West Maui, Olowalu Valley, up central ridge almost to the backbone peak Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2332 Maui BISH 1920-05-12
92 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waikakalaua Gulch, Kipapa Preserved_Specimen Nitta, K. 59 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
93 Elaphoglossum aemulum W Maui, NW slopes of Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1887 Maui BISH 1964-07-20
94 Elaphoglossum aemulum Haupu Mts., Mahaulepu, summit. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 166 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
95 Elaphoglossum aemulum Punaluu, Castle Trail Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1574 Oahu BISH 1956-11-26
96 Elaphoglossum aemulum Waianae Mts.; Palikea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611209010 Oahu BISH 1961-12-09
97 Elaphoglossum aemulum Pihea Trail, above Lehua maka noe Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 41 Kauai BISH 1982-10-30
98 Elaphoglossum aemulum Kaaawa-Kamokunui Ridge Mokuleia District, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7033 Oahu BISH 1934-07-11
99 Elaphoglossum aemulum Head of Manini Gulch, Waianae Mts., Oahu Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 792 Oahu BISH 1934-09-25
100 Elaphoglossum aemulum W Maui, ridge above Kekaalaau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3900 Maui BISH 1995-11-08
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