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Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana

(E.Wimm.) Lammers (1988)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā, ‘ōhā wai, hāhā

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 1.5–6.5 m tall, terrestrial or epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 7–25 cm long, 2–4.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate, acute, obtuse, or cuspidate. Base cuneate or attenuate. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent along the veins; lamina chartaceous, dull; upper surfaces green; lower surfaces light green. Margins callose crenulate, rarely callose–serrulate. Petioles 2–6.5 cm long, glabrous or pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2(–4)–flowered or sometimes 1–flowered by abortion, glabrous or pubescent; peduncle 1.8–4 cm long; pedicels 2.2–3.5 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 1–1.5 cm long, 1–1.5 cm in diameter, hemispheric or obconic, glabrous or pubescent. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate or rarely oblong, smooth with or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, 1–3.6 cm long, 3–10 mm wide, narrowly triangular or triangular, connate at base; apex acute or acuminate. Corolla 4.5–6 cm long, bilabiate, green, purple, or white, glabrous or pubescent; tube 2–2.7 cm long, 0.8–1.2 cm in diameter, suberect or curved; lobes 2–3.5 cm long spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, exserted, suberect or gently curved; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, white or light purple, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, the tube 1.4–1.8 cm long, 3–5 mm in diameter; filaments connate above, free from the corolla; filaments 3.7–4.8 cm long, white or light purple, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 2–3.6 cm long; 2–3.6 cm in diameter; orange or yellow; subglobose; pericarp thick; leathery; placentae juicy or spongy; apex truncate; crowned with a low circular rim and base of style. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14*.

Habitat: Montane rain forests.

Elevation Range: 840–1825 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Bot. 13: 498 (1988)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:428 (H); Lammers 1991:18 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hookena Ahupuaa, SW slope of Mauna Loa, heading WNW from Hakalau Forest NWR Kona Unit toward Kauhako, Transect 64, Station 56 Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1068 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-07
2 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Pahoehoe 2, W Mauna Loa, 0.7 m N Kaohe 1950 and 1.7 km S Honokua 1950 flow koa, ohia; 1.5 m up on log, partial shade Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1124 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-25
3 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Keokea Ahupuaa, W slope of Mauna Loa, makai of Keanapaakai, and at upper margin of Honaunau Forest. Transect 62, Station 73 mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1079 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-09
4 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kealia 2 rain forest; with Metrosideros, Straussia, Pittosporum hawaiiense Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25654 Hawaii BISH 1956-03-14
5 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, McCandles Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26008 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
6 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kealakekua, Bishop Estate Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26004 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-20
7 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26010 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
8 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Pulehua, S Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10032 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-01
9 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Moonuiakea, Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3738 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
10 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 308 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
11 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kaumalumalu, Kona Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6915 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-03
12 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26023 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
13 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Honaunau, Bishop Estate Forest, Kona Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2088 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-30
14 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Honaunau FR, N jeep trail Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1694 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-06
15 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1730 Hawaii BISH 1965-04-19
16 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3737 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
17 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, McCandles Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26009 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
18 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3737 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
19 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26026 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
20 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Honounau FR, Kona Preserved_Specimen Frederick, L. Hawaii BISH 1947-01-01
21 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Puu Lehua, Greenwell Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25726 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-16
22 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. 243 Hawaii BISH 1888-01-01
23 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26013 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
24 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27502 Hawaii BISH 1959-03-22
25 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kaumalumalu, Kona Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6915 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-03
26 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. 243 Hawaii BISH 1888-01-01
27 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kahaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-18
28 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kahaluu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-18
29 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana SW Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Banko, W. Hawaii BISH 1972-06-22
30 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27503 Hawaii BISH 1969-03-22
31 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Holualoa FR, S Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Hawaii BISH 1946-07-13
32 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana SW Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Banko, W. Hawaii BISH 1972-06-22
33 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25702 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-10
34 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26007 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
35 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana W Hualalai, above Kailua, summit road, Kona edge of lava gulch Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1703 Hawaii BISH 1965-01-31
36 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, land of Kealia, between Komakawai and Kaunene From koa belt. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25651 Hawaii BISH 1956-03-14
37 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hualalai, Puuwaawaa moist gulch, woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11402 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-29
38 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Olelomoana 1 Ahupuaa, SW slope of Mauna Loa, ca 1.25 km N of Keanapaakai heading WNW toward Highway 11 above Kolo, Transect 67, Station 34. Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2021 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-25
39 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25639 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-01
40 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, land of Kealia, between Komakawai and Kaunene From koa belt. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25651 Hawaii BISH 1956-03-14
41 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Keauhou 2, W Hualalai, Honuaula, N of Puu Laalaau koa, mamane Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1900 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-27
42 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Keauhou, W Hualalai, Honuaula, N of Puu Laalaau koa, ohia Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1905 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-27
43 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch koa forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25701 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-10
44 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Honaunau FR, near Kealakekua ranch with Metrosideros, Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 166 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-27
45 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, land of Kealia, between Komakawai and Kaunene From koa belt. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25651 Hawaii BISH 1956-03-14
46 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kaloko mauka, N Kona, Hualalai with Metrosideros, native trees, ferns, shrubs, exotic grasses and herbs Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9598 Hawaii BISH 1981-03-25
47 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Hualalai forested aa flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 642 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-26
48 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kealakekua forest of Kealakekua. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10032 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-10
49 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Keauhou 2, W Hualalai, Honuaula, N of Puu Laalaau ohia, wet Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1912 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-28
50 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kahaluu rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-18
51 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana NW Kahaluu FR, N Kona rain forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18513 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-25
52 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Honaunau FR, Kealakekua Ranch Metrosideros, Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 263 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
53 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kealia, W Mauna Loa, Honounau FR koa, ohia Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1943 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-07
54 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kahaluu forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
55 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Keauhou 2; W Hualalai, Honuaula, N of Puu Laalaau koa, mamane Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1899 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-27
56 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kahaluu rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-18
57 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana N Kona, Keauhou, W Hualalai, Honuaula, N of Puu Laalaau koa, ohia Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1909 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-28
58 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, McCandless Ranch rain forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27503 Hawaii BISH 1969-03-22
59 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Keokea Ahupuaa, W Slope of Mauna Loa, heading WNW from ca 1.3 km N of Kahalapilau toward Highway 11. Transect 62, Station 72. Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1077 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-09
60 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona Distr., summit road up west slope of Hualalai above Kailua At edge of lava gulch ca. 200 yards below plot #1 (fenced pine-legume brush plot). Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1704 Hawaii BISH 1965-01-31
61 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, land of Kealia, between Komakawai and Kaunene From koa belt. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25651 Hawaii BISH 1956-03-14
62 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27500 Hawaii BISH 1959-03-22
63 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Kona, Keauhou 1, between Hualalai and Mauna Loa open ohia, mamane grassland Preserved_Specimen Christ, J.H. Hawaii BISH 1958-05-15
64 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana down Hilina Pali Road about 4.9 miles to begiinning of Footprints Trail (heading W towards Mauna Loa. 3.5 miles down trail to ~50m W (below) the great fault pali. Plot 59 wet; with Metrosideros, Sadleria, Cibotium Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2070 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-27
65 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Hinakapauula, W Hualalai with Coprosma pubens, Acacia koa; roots in trunk of old tree ferns Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3762 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-10
66 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana Summit road up west slope of Hualalai above Kailua. Kona District c. 200 yds below Plot #1 (fenced Pine-legume brush plot). At edge of lava gulch Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1702 Hawaii BISH 1965-01-31
67 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana S Kona, Kealia, W Mauna Loa, Honaunau FR koa, ohia Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1954 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-07
68 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana W Hualalai, above Kailua, Kona, R side of road wet forest Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1701 Hawaii BISH 1965-01-31
69 Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana W Hualalai, above Kailua, summit road, Kona fenced pine, legume brush plot Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1702 Hawaii BISH 1965-01-31
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