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Passiflora laurifolia

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Passifloraceae Genus: Passiflora

bell apple, jamaican lilikoi, lemiwai, yellow granadilla, yellow water lemon

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Lianas.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong, 6.5–14 cm long, 4.5–6.5 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous; blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Petioles with 2 rounded, subsessile nectaries ca. 1 mm long at apex. Stipules linear–lanceolate, up to ca. 10 mm long, deciduous.

Flowers: Flowers solitary; bracts 3, obovate to elliptic, 3.5–4.3 cm long, 2–2.8 cm wide; hypanthium 0.4–0.8 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), pendent, campanulate, actinomorphic, 6–8 cm in diameter. Calyx of 5 sepals, white or splotched with purple, imbricate, persistent. Corolla of 5 petals, white or splotched with purple, alternate with the sepals, imbricate; corona purple–banded, filamentous, ca. 2 cm long. Stamens 5(–8), on an androgynophore; anthers dithecal, versatile, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, stipitate, placentation parietal; ovules numerous, anatropous; styles as many as carpels.

Fruit: Berries yellow; ovate to globose; 5–6.3 cm long; 3–4.5 cm in diameter; aril white; edible. Seeds numerous; seed coat bony; reticulate; with a fleshy apical aril; embryo embedded in copious oily; soft fleshy endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Mesic to wet; disturbed areas; climbing over vegetation.

Elevation Range: 0–280 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • 0-280 m
  • Cultivated prior to l87l (Hillebrand, 1888).
  • Description digitized by Dylan Charter
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 956 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1011 (K, O, Mo, H); Meidell et al. 1998:7 (WM); Starr et al. 1999:13 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Passiflora laurifolia Koolau Mountains; Waikane Valley; along jeep road to Waikane Camp Climbing over roadside vegetation of Psidium, Schinus & Eugenia cumini. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1199 Oahu BISH 1973-10-07
2 Passiflora laurifolia Na Pali Coast, along trail near Kee Beach Growing on Eugenia cumini trees. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 196 Kauai BISH 1980-04-11
3 Passiflora laurifolia Kipapa Trail, hunter trail in drainage on N side wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris, Cibotium, Psidium cattleianum; climbing up dead tree, Metrosideros polymorpha and Aleurites moluccana Preserved_Specimen Reynolds, L.S. 169 Oahu BISH 2006-06-22
4 Passiflora laurifolia W Maui, Honokahua area surrounding the Maunalei Arboretum Located in an alien dominated forest above pasture. Observed to be sprawling on the ground, though predominantly climbing trees and shrubs. Associated vegetation: Psidium guajava, Ardisia elliptica, Schinus terebinthifolius, Wikstroemia oahuense, Andropogon virginicus. Preserved_Specimen Meidell, J.S. 129 Maui BISH 1996-10-31
5 Passiflora laurifolia Kainalu, E fork In degraded mesic forest, sprawling and climbing trees. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Schinus, Psidium. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 80618 Molokai BISH 2006-08-11
6 Passiflora laurifolia Koolau Range: Waikane Camp on Waikane Stream. 2.4 miles due west from Waikane on Pacific Ocean Twining all over vegetation high into trees like cobwebs (or like Lonicera japonica) a terrible pest. On slippery wet clay, in secondary forest of Albizia and other planted introductions, and with many other plants. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 333 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
7 Passiflora laurifolia Waikane Valley Slope = 30 percent; soil = loam; Veg Type = vine Common in mountains. Preserved_Specimen Weber, L. Oahu BISH 1977-02-05
8 Passiflora laurifolia East Maui, Hana District, beside Hana hwy, Wailua Forestland thicket. Associated with Hibiscus tiliaceus, Psidium guajava, Melinis minutiflora, Commelina sp., Ardisia elliptica, Pandanus tectorius, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Bidens pilosa, Polygala paniculata. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 98080722 Maui BISH 1998-08-07
9 Passiflora laurifolia Hanalei District: Power Line Road, at 2.5 miles S of Highway 56, East of Princeville along the East rim of Hanalei Valley Secondary forest of Psidium cattleianum with native remnants including Metrosideros, Pandanus, and Freycinetia. Common locally. Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5537 Kauai BISH 1987-08-20
10 Passiflora laurifolia Kawai; Hanalei District: Wainiha River Valley just west of Wainiha, along Power House Road approx 300 meters S of Highway 56 Secondary wet forest and shrubland with Psidium cattleianum, Casuarina, Syzygium cumini, overgrown with Passiflora laurifolia, ground cover of alien grasses. Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7666 Kauai BISH 1995-05-13
11 Passiflora laurifolia Along jeep road from Kamehameha Highway to Waikane Village Found associated with grasses, Psidium in dry banks off road. Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 175 Oahu BISH 1972-12-02
12 Passiflora laurifolia Honolulu, Tantalus, 3rd switchback above Puu Ualakaa gate wet forest, roadside; with Epipremnum aureum, Solandra, Toona ciliata Preserved_Specimen Ray, G. 41 Oahu BISH 1997-08-25
13 Passiflora laurifolia Kealia, Kaao Street, in front of 4590 Kaao Street. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070531A005. Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 1339 Kauai BISH 2007-05-31
14 Passiflora laurifolia Lihue District: Land of Wailua, Lihue-koloa Forest Reserve, along jeep road to irrigation intake dam on North Fork of Wailua River Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5555 Kauai BISH 1975-11-17
15 Passiflora laurifolia N.Kohala, Keokea Beach Park, ~1 mile from Pololu Valley Lookout at end of Akone Puli Hwy Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5566 Hawaii BISH 1985-06-24
16 Passiflora laurifolia along the road into Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5748 Molokai BISH 1976-03-10
17 Passiflora laurifolia N.Kohala, Niulii, Waikama Gulch Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5629 Hawaii BISH 1976-01-20
18 Passiflora laurifolia Koolau Range; Hauula; head of Maakua-Papali Ridge Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 13 Oahu BISH 1952-10-25
19 Passiflora laurifolia Aiea Loop Trail Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5329 Oahu BISH 1984-03-02
20 Passiflora laurifolia Na Pali Coast, along trail near Kee Beach Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 315 Kauai BISH 1980-04-11
21 Passiflora laurifolia Kalalau Trail, along first mile or so Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5178 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
22 Passiflora laurifolia Honolulu: Lanihuli Drive, residence of O.Swezey Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1935-05-24
23 Passiflora laurifolia Honolulu; 1930 Ualakaa Street Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1941-02-14
24 Passiflora laurifolia Honolulu; Court on grounds of Bishop Museum Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. Oahu BISH 1932-05-01
25 Passiflora laurifolia Honolulu; 1930 Ualakaa Street Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-12-12
26 Passiflora laurifolia Lanihuli Drive res. O. Swezey Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1935-05-24
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