Dubautia laevigata

A.Gray (1861)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Dubautia

kūpaoa [kupaoa], na‘ena‘e [naenae]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Upright (erect) or prostrate or decumbent shrub, 0–2.5 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong Apex acuminate. Base attenuate or subclasping. Margins ciliate or serrate/dentate.

Flowers:

Fruit: Fruit a simple; dry; achene (cypsela);

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 135 (1861)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:299 (K); Carr 1999:150 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3 plants, 4 ft. tall, lt orange Perlman, S. 20 Kauai BISH 1978-04-26
2 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. high shrub, not H. season. Degener, O. 23901 Kauai BISH 1955-09-09
3 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub. ht. 1 1\2 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 886 Kauai BISH 1927-02-26
4 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen tree, 2.5 m tall, stems smooth, light brown, 1.5 cm diameter at base, disk florets yellow with resinous odor, uncommon Wood, K.R. 14698 Kauai BISH 2011-06-29
5 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9000 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
6 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest w/ matting ferns of Dicranopteris, transitional mesic w/ Acacia koa w/ Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp. Dodonaea viscosa, Planchonella sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium Psychotria marianiana, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Labordia degeneri, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3m tall, moderately branched, with mature achenes, occasional. Wood, K.R. 17851 Kauai BISH 2018-06-07
7 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On ridge, W/ Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron spp., Dodoviscosa, Ilex anomala, Coprosma kauensis, Luzula hawaiiensis, Poa siphonoglossa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Dryopteris w Preserved_Specimen Large shrub about 8ft tall. Florets yellow Walsh, S. 763 Kauai BISH 2020-09-03
8 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 931 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
9 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 538 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
10 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 348 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
11 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1801 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
12 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 238 Kauai BISH 1987-06-16
13 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 538 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
14 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1990-10-25
15 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1802 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
16 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
17 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia, Metrosideros, Tetraplasandra, Dodonaea, Hedyotis, Lysimachia, Stenogyne, Myrsine, Bobea, Psychotria, Scaevola, Zanthoxylum, Pleomele, Passiflora, Hedychium Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; flower and fruit; disk florets yellow Wood, K.R. 1064 Kauai BISH 1991-07-15
18 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Acacia montane mesic forest W/ Alphitonia, Planchonella, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Antidesma, Bobea brevipes, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea , Wikstroemia furcata, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, modearately branched, disk florets yellow-orange, occasional. Wood, K.R. 17076 Kauai BISH 2016-07-21
19 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep forested slope in ohia dominated forest. Above small rock face Preserved_Specimen Moderately branched treelet five ft. tall, flower buds pale purplish with some dark purple colouring on petioles & blades. Flynn, T.W. 2247 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
20 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rain forest Preserved_Specimen Brown fruit slender shrub Bryan Jr., E.H. 1443 Kauai BISH 1940-07-28
21 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet, summer mesic forest w/ Polyscias waimeae, P. waialealae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. puberula, Bobea brevipes, Scaevola procea, S. glabra, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Xylosma hawaiiense, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria marinian Preserved_Specimen Tree 2-6 m tall, trunk ca. 5 cm diam at base Wood, K.R. 16047 Kauai BISH 2014-08-21
22 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream, mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Myrsine. Lobelia yuccoides, Cyanea leptostegia, Coprosma, Sadleria, Urera glabra, Dodonaea, Hedyotis terminalis, Hedyotis knudsenii, Bidens cosmoides, Chamaesyce atrococca, Perrottetia, Psidium cattleianum, Lantana, Rubus argutus Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; flower Perlman, S. 18956 Kauai BISH 2004-05-17
23 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest reserve Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
24 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest w/ Myrsine lanaiensis, Myoporum sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Xylosoma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Charpentiera elliptica, Dracaena aurea, Elaeocarpus... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 m tall, w/ flower and bud, occasional on stream banks and walls. K.R. Wood 19524 Kauai BISH 2024-06-17
25 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest reserve Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
26 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mesic forest. W/ Broussaisia arguta, Kauda affinis, Myrsine linearifilia, Cyrtandra paludosa, Lysimachia kalalauensis, Santalum freycinetianum v. pyrularium, Dubautia laevigata, Psychotria mariniana, Coprosma waimeae, Asplenium insiti Preserved_Specimen tree, 2m tall, moderately branched, with old infructescence, uncommon Wood, K.R. 14382 Kauai BISH 2010-11-17
27 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest, 7 m canopy, 90% closed native cover w/ Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, 50% cover of shrubs Vaccinium calycinum, V. dentatum, Kadua affinis, Wik Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 n tall, many branched, in flower, disk florets yellow-orange, strongly resinous scented, observed with Bidens cosmoides, common Wood, K.R. 15938 Kauai BISH 2014-05-01
28 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros Montane Mixed Mesic Forest with Bobea, Claoxylon, Alphitonia, Melicope, Psychotria, Ilex, Myrsine, Lysimachia. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tall shrub , 12+ plants in area, in fruit, Purple white around petiole of leaves. Wood, K.R. 1806 Kauai BISH 1992-04-17
29 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic 'ohi'a forest w/ other native trees and a native shrub matted-fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Branched shrub;1-2 m tall. Warshauer, F.R. 3407 Kauai BISH 1981-05-16
30 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, 80% closed canopy 10-12 m tall canopy with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Melico Preserved_Specimen Shrubs or small trees, up to 2 m tall, uncommon area Wood, K.R. 14929 Kauai BISH 2012-04-13
31 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with old inflorescence found with Syzygium sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Pittosporum gayanum, P. glabrum, Ilex anomala, Melicope anisata, M. clusiifolia, Myrsine dentata, M. Punctata, Psychotria hexandra, P. mariniana, P. greenwel. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15217 Kauai BISH 2012-09-14
32 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ca 3/4 mi.North of Kokee Kalalau Rt., Preserved_Specimen Unbranched or sparsely branched decumbent plant w/ascending Carr, G.D. 948 Kauai BISH 1976-10-23
33 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common shrub on windward precipice of summit Preserved_Specimen Occ. in flower. Shrubs ca. 3-5 ft. high with bright green glossy smooth leaves and yellow flowers Stone, B.C. 1643 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
34 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris w/ Acacia koa, Ilex anomola, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyanea leptostegia, Diospyros, Rubus hawaiensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens campylotheca Preserved_Specimen 7 ft tall, upright. No red in peduncles or lvs, though similar looking Dubautia net to it do have red in leaf bases. Inflorescences upright. Tangalin, N. 2339 Kauai BISH 2010-06-02
35 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub, matted-fern understory. 1/2 sunlight exposure. Preserved_Specimen Branched shrub, 1-2 m tall Warshauer, F.R. 3407 Kauai BISH 1981-05-16
36 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In mixed Mesic Forest w/ canopy w/ Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Bidens cosmoides, Dianella, Alyxia, Blechnum. Preserved_Specimen Fls yellow.l Branches radiating from one axis on main stem. Shrub about 6 ft tall, branches somewhat scandent, inflo upright. Leaf w/ weak petiole and base of lvs purple. Abaxial leaf surface w/ purple mid-rib & venation purple, scattered hairs. Adaxial surface glabrous dk green. About 6 veins @ leaf base. Seed. Tangalin, N. 2278 Kauai BISH 2010-03-29
37 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Native mesic forest with low, open canopy. Metrosideros polymorpha, Hedyotis terminalis, Dodonaea viscosa, Coprosma sp. and Vaccinium spp. common elements. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m tall. Florets yellow. Lvs purple towards petioles and midribs. Trauernicht, C. 427 Kauai BISH 2008-03-13
38 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia- Metrosideros mesic forest, open to closed canopy. W/ Kadua affinis, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 13829 Kauai BISH 2009-07-17
39 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Santalum, Acacia koa, Styphelia, Dodonaea. Preserved_Specimen Small group of 5 plants, the largest are trails on the ground, 8 ft. in length, and upright for 5 ft. Christensen, C. 21 Kauai BISH 1976-06-29
40 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a native shrub, matted-fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9689 Kauai BISH 1981-05-16
41 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia, Metrosideros, Schiedea amplexicaulis, Dodonaea, Carex, Gahnia, Melicope, Bidens cosmoides, Psychotria, Coprosma, Melinis, Vulpia, Poa, Alsinidendron, Rubus argutus, Passiflora, Psidium Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub; in flower; disk florets yellow Wood, K.R. 846 Kauai BISH 1991-05-16
42 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorphia, Acaia koa, Erigeron karvinskianus, Cyclosorus parasiticus, Macherina angustifolia, Morella faya, Coryncarpus laeviata, Dicranopteris linearis, Plantago princeps var. anomal Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall shrub with bright yellow, honey scented flowers. Growing, leaning on ohia. Heintzman, S. 707200 Kauai BISH 2020-07-07
43 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse Mesic forest. Metrosideros - Acaiia koa canopy, with Coprosma, Dodonea, and Dubautica, Kadua affinis, in midstory, ground w/ 60% moss, 20% Dianella, rest Schiedea viscosa, Doodia, Luzula, and open soil / leaf litter. Preserved_Specimen Weak tree leaning on another tree. 9-12 florets per group, florets yellow. Hairs on peduncles. Underside of leaf purple at base of leaf and midrib. Calyx lobes (9) and bracts purple. Inflo hanging. Tangalin, N. 3114 Kauai BISH 2012-04-16
44 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details upper forest and drainage. Metrosideros polymorpha mixed mesic forest. W/ Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranaceae Preserved_Specimen shrubs, 2 m tall, moderately branched, leaves dark green or with purple tinge, with old inflorescence, on north facing steep slope with Acacia koa, Metrosideros, occasional Wood, K.R. 11780 Kauai BISH 2006-02-23
45 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet, summer mesic forest with Polyscias waimeae, P. waialealae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. puberula, Bobea brevipes, Scaevola procera, S. glabra, Elaeocarpus bifdus, Xylosma hawaiiense, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria marinan Preserved_Specimen Trees, 2-6 meters tall, trunk ca. 5 cm. diameter at base, occasional Wood, K.R. 16046 Kauai BISH 2014-08-21
46 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, W/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstromia furcata, Dodonaea viscosa, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, Pleomele aurea, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychotria greenwe Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1.5 m tall, moderately branched, leaves with purple tinge near base, occasional Wood, K.R. 14501 Kauai BISH 2011-02-10
47 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron spp. lowland wet forest w/ Broussaisia, Melicope, Hedyotis, Freycinetia, Pritchardia, Antidesma, Psychotria, Elaphoglossum, Viola helenae, Cyrtandra, Hesperomannia, Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5973 Kauai BISH 1987-06-20
48 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros open mesic forest with adjacent transitionl wet forest and slopes of Dicranopteris w/ Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron fauriei, Ilex, Syzygium sandwicensis, Myrsine linearifolia, Scaevola procera, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cyrtandra paludosa, Lysimachia sp, Santalum pyrularium, Dubautia laevi Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree, 1.5 m tall, few-branched, w/ flower bud, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 18687 Kauai BISH 2021-05-10
49 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed Mesic Forest W/ Metrosideros - Acacia koa, Dubautia latifolia, Dryopteris, Zanthoxylum, Coprosma, Dodnaea, Dubautia, Kadua affinis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Psychotria marianiana, Scaevola Preserved_Specimen Common. 6 ft tall. Newer leaves light green. Petiole and stem dark red. Tangalin, N. 2565 Kauai BISH 2011-03-22
50 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep forested slope with Wikstroemia & Psychotria under higher ohia canopy. Above small rock face Preserved_Specimen Slight shrub,bright yellow orange Flynn, T.W. 2246 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
51 Dubautia laevigata Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, with old infructescence Wood, K.R. 15070 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11