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Spergularia marina

(L.) Besser (1822)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Caryophyllaceae Genus: Spergularia

mimi‘ïīlio, mimi‘ïlio [mimiilio], saltmarsh sand spurry

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs, often fleshy and growing in saline areas.

Stems: Stems erect to nearly prostrate, somewhat fleshy, 0.5–3 dm long, unbranched or many-branched, glabrous or glandular puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or rarely fascicled. Blades linear, 5–40 mm long, 0.6–1.5 mm wide. Apex blunt to apiculate. Base leaf bases often connate around the stem. Surfaces glabrous or glandular puberulent, blades often fleshy. Margins entire. 1-veined. Sessile. Stipules deltate, 2–4 mm long, dry and membranous.

Flowers: Flowers in lax, elongate, racemose cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Sepals ovate, 2.5–5 mm long; distinct, nearly distinct, or connate into a conspicuous tube. Corolla of 5 petals, petals white to pink, ovate, 2–4 mm long. Stamens 2–5, distinct or adnate to petals at base to form a short tube, which may be adnate to the gynophore or sometimes adnate to lower part of calyx, petaloid staminodes sometimes present; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior; styles 3, distinct or nearly so, filiform, 0.2–3 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3, linear along adaxial surface of styles.

Fruit: Capsules 3.5–6 mm long; dehiscing by 3(5) valves. Seeds brown; 0.6–0.8 mm long; smooth or papillose; usually not winged; perisperm starchy; hard or rarely soft; true endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 34;36

Habitat: Naturalized in coastal and low elevation.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (125)

Alsine atheniensis proles marina (L.) Samp. (1913)
Alsine atheniensis proles urbica (Leffler) Samp. (1913)
Alsine marginata C.A.Mey. (1831)
Alsine marina (L.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch (1826)
Alsine marina var. succosior Mert. & W.D.J.Koch (1831)
Alsine maritima proles urbica (Leffler) Samp. (1914)
Alsine salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) Heldmann (1837)
Alsine sparsiflora (Greene) House (1921)
Alsine tenuis (Greene) House (1921)
Alsinella media Hornem. (1827)
Arenaria halophila Bunge (1830)
Arenaria heterosperma Guss. (1843)
Arenaria marina (L.) Weber (1787)
Arenaria maritima (L.) Steud. (1840)
Arenaria media DC. (1824)
Arenaria miquelonensis Bach.Pyl. ex Lebel (1868)
Arenaria rubra subsp. marina (L.) Ehrh. (1780)
Arenaria rubra var. marina L. (1753)
Arenaria salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) Ser. (1824)
Buda marina (L.) Dumort. (1827)
Buda marina var. minor S.Watson (1890)
Buda media var. marina (Griseb.) Kuntze (1891)
Corion halophilum Merino (1905)
Corion halophilum var. dillenii (Lebel) Merino (1905)
Corion halophilum var. urbicum (Leffler) Merino (1905)
Corion marinum (L.) N.E.Br. (1891)
Corion marinum var. leiospermum (Kindb.) N.E.Br. (1891)
Holosteum sperguloides Lehm. (1828)
Lepigonum caninum Leffler (1869)
Lepigonum caninum var. urbicum Leffler (1869)
Lepigonum leiospermum Kindb. (1863)
Lepigonum marinum (L.) Wahlenb. (1820)
Lepigonum medium Fr. (1842)
Lepigonum neglectum Kindb. (1856)
Lepigonum salinum (J.Presl & C.Presl) G.Don (1839)
Lepigonum salinum var. sperguloides (Lehm.) Leffler (1865)
Lepigonum tenue Greene (1887)
Lepigonum trachyspermum subsp. murale Kindb. (1863)
Spergula canina subsp. sperguloides (Lehm.) Ahlfv. (1901)
Spergula coreana H.Lév. (1913)
Spergula heterosperma (Guss.) E.A.Durand & Barratte (1910)
Spergula marina (L.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. (1825)
Spergula salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) D.Dietr. (1840)
Spergula salina subvar. halophila (Bunge) Maire & Weiller (1963)
Spergula salina var. australis (Lebel) Maire (1932)
Spergula salina var. faurei Maire (1940)
Spergula salina var. halophila (Bunge) Maire (1935)
Spergula salina var. leiosperma (Kindb.) Johanss. (1910)
Spergula salina var. longicaulis (Pomel) Maire & Weiller (1963)
Spergula salina var. sperguloides (Lehm.) Maire (1941)
Spergula salina var. stenopetala (A.Chev.) Maire & Weiller (1963)
Spergula salina var. urbicum (Leffler) Maire (1932)
Spergula seminulifera (Hy) Maire (1932)
Spergularia alata Wiegand (1920)
Spergularia bofillii Sennen (1927)
Spergularia bungeana Tzvelev (2000)
Spergularia caballeroi Sennen & Mauricio (1933)
Spergularia campestris var. pinguis (Fenzl) P.Fourn. (1936)
Spergularia dillenii Lebel (1869)
Spergularia dillenii proles salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia dillenii subsp. urbica (Leffler) Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia dillenii var. australis Lebel (1869)
Spergularia dillenii var. confusa Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia dillenii var. pedicellaris Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia dillenii var. perennis Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia fauriei (Nakai) Nakai (1952)
Spergularia halophila T.Marsson (1869)
Spergularia halophila var. dillenii (Lebel) Samp. (1904)
Spergularia halophila var. marina (L.) T.Marsson (1869)
Spergularia halophila var. urbica (Leffler) Samp. (1904)
Spergularia heterosperma Lebel (1869)
Spergularia leiosperma (Kindb.) F.Schmidt (1868)
Spergularia longicaulis Pomel (1874)
Spergularia marina f. longicaulis (Pomel) Batt. (1888)
Spergularia marina var. asiatica (H.Hara) H.Hara (1941)
Spergularia marina var. cleistogama Y.X.Ma & D.L.Cui (2012)
Spergularia marina var. densiflora Hosny ex Hosni (1988)
Spergularia marina var. heterosperma (Fenzl) Neilr. (1859)
Spergularia marina var. melanocaulos (Merino) Merino (1897)
Spergularia marina var. simonii O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1962)
Spergularia marina var. stenopetala A.Chev. (1905)
Spergularia marina var. tenuis (Greene) R.Rossbach (1940)
Spergularia marina var. urbica (Leffler) Cout. (1913)
Spergularia media var. heterosperma Fenzl (1843)
Spergularia melanocaulos Merino (1895)
Spergularia miquelonensis Lebel (1868)
Spergularia modesta proles marina (L.) Samp. (1909)
Spergularia modesta proles urbica (Leffler) Samp. (1909)
Spergularia neglecta Syme (1864)
Spergularia pinguis Rouy & Foucaud (1896)
Spergularia rodrigoi Sennen & Mauricio (1936)
Spergularia rubra subsp. salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) Čelak. (1870)
Spergularia rubra var. dillenii (Lebel) Knoche (1921)
Spergularia rubra var. marina (L.) A.Gray (1848)
Spergularia rubra var. pinguis Fenzl (1843)
Spergularia rubra var. sperguloides (Lehm.) Ball (1877)
Spergularia salina (Pers.) J.Presl & C.Presl (1819)
Spergularia salina var. asiatica H.Hara (1937)
Spergularia salina var. australis (Lebel) Gürke (1899)
Spergularia salina var. involucrata (B.L.Rob.) Jeps. (1911)
Spergularia salina var. minor (S.Watson) B.L.Rob. (1894)
Spergularia salina var. sordida (Greene) Jeps. (1915)
Spergularia salina var. tenuior Rupr. (1860)
Spergularia salina var. tenuis (Greene) Jeps. (1911)
Spergularia salina var. urbica (Leffler) Gürke (1899)
Spergularia seminulifera Hy (1913)
Spergularia sparsiflora (Greene) A.Nelson (1909)
Spergularia sperguloides (Lehm.) Heynh. (1847)
Spergularia tenuis (Greene) B.L.Rob. (1894)
Spergularia tenuis var. involucrata B.L.Rob. (1897)
Spergularia uliginosa Pomel (1874)
Spergularia urbica Nyman (1878)
Stipularia marina (L.) Haw. (1812)
Tissa coreana (H.Lév.) Nakai (1934)
Tissa fauriei Nakai (1913)
Tissa leiosperma (Kindb.) A.Heller (1910)
Tissa marina (L.) Britton (1889)
Tissa marina var. minor (S.Watson) Britton (1901)
Tissa salina (J.Presl & C.Presl) Britton (1889)
Tissa salina var. involucrata (B.L.Rob.) Jeps. (1901)
Tissa salina var. sanfordii Greene (1891)
Tissa salina var. sordida Greene (1891)
Tissa salina var. tenuis (Greene) Jeps. (1901)
Tissa sparsiflora Greene (1895)
Tissa tenuis (Greene) Greene (1889)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Naturalized
Maui Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Apparently used by Hawaiians medicinally. St. John (1973a) lisrs s. media (L.) K. Presl as adventive in Hawai'i; this appears to have been based on 3 specimens of S. marina at BISH from Koko Head misidentified as S. media by C. N. Forbes.
  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on O'ahu in 1909

Bibliography

Name Published In: Enum. Pl.: 97 (1822)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:526 (Ku, Mi, FF, K, O, Mo, M)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spergularia marina Ewa Plains Prosopis, Leucaena, Cynodon, Setaria, Many introduced plants. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 8189 Oahu BISH 1979-02-11
2 Spergularia marina Sandspit in front of Kuapa Pond between Kuliouou and Portlock In sand just above high water mark Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 413 Oahu BISH 1967-04-05
3 Spergularia marina Pouhala Marsh, Waipahu Growing at edge and higher up on the bank of Pouhala. In wet to dry soil within the saltlines. Large patches in full sun to medium shade. Preserved_Specimen Crago, L.M. 2005024 Oahu BISH 2005-01-24
4 Spergularia marina S. of Ewa, 1 mile W of Oneula, in salt flats back of beach Weed Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24804 Oahu BISH 1952-04-27
5 Spergularia marina Koko Head. Tuff sea cliffs opposite the Koko Head Rifle Range In small but dense communities in solution basins. Associated with Batis, Heliotropium, Lipochaeta. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1230 Oahu BISH 1974-07-25
6 Spergularia marina Hamakua Marsh, Kailua, mauka (mountainside) of Hamakua Drive Low groundcover growing on dried mudflats with Bacopa, Paspalum. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 926 Oahu BISH 1992-04-04
7 Spergularia marina Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Ordy Pond area. Growing in open sandy substrate at Ordy Pond, along with Pluchea, Sesuvium, Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 113 Oahu BISH 2021-04-17
8 Spergularia marina Waipio Peninsula; Waipio, Pouhala Marsh between Kapakahi & Waikele Streams Occasional herb on mudflats adjacent to Batis marshland & open water. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9610 Oahu BISH 1996-12-18
9 Spergularia marina Kahului, near brackish marsh Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35810 Maui BISH 1927-07-11
10 Spergularia marina Kaiwi shoreline Sand near cove type area. Partly shaded Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 1743 Oahu BISH 2021-04-25
11 Spergularia marina Salt Pond Park W of Burns Field, Hanapepe, around pavillion lawn Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1605 Kauai BISH 1986-03-18
12 Spergularia marina Kapuaiwa Coconut Grove open ground near beach Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 35 Molokai BISH 1974-03-08
13 Spergularia marina among branches of Atriplex sp. golden crown beard, mixed grasses, and Batis sp. west of Barbers Point Deep Draft harbor Plants were seeding and the population was robust. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 403 Oahu BISH 1990-05-01
14 Spergularia marina Waimea, Salt Pond County Park, W side of salt pan and adjacent edge of park Halephytic vegetation of Batis maritima and Pluchea indica Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7438 Kauai BISH 1994-02-05
15 Spergularia marina beach E of Barber's Point along shaded path in Prosopis on coral limestone Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 29528 Oahu BISH 1948-02-04
16 Spergularia marina Summit trail S of Kealia bare rocky clay of wide path Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20670 Oahu BISH 1950-05-14
17 Spergularia marina E side of Hale o Lono Harbor In sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50629 Molokai BISH 2005-05-15
18 Spergularia marina East Maui, Makawao District, 0.5 mile east of Maliko Gulch. Locally common on soil ledges at base of bluffs. Vegetation: Lycium, Sesuvium, Bidens, Lysimachia, Chenopodium, Artemisia, Kadua, Fimbristylis, Heliotropium, Cyperus, Bacopa, Digitaria, Cynodon, Pluchea, Casuarina. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 41527 Maui BISH 2015-04-15
19 Spergularia marina Ca. 200 yds, east of the light house at Barber's Point. Arid, sandy region behind beach. Assoc. w/ Pluchea indica, P. odorata, Batis, Lycium, Sesuvium, Spergularia, sporobolus virg. Gregarious, naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 505 Oahu BISH 1967-05-21
20 Spergularia marina Ewa, Barbers Point, on dry open flat near beach Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1352 Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
21 Spergularia marina Barbers Point, east of the lighthouse on dry thin soil back of the beach in the open Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37274 Oahu BISH 1937-08-11
22 Spergularia marina Tern Islet, SE edge of runway Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6247 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1978-09-11
23 Spergularia marina Koko Head Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1448 Oahu BISH 1909-06-11
24 Spergularia marina Summit trail south of Kealia, Oahu. Growing only on bare rocky clay of wide path Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20670 Oahu BISH 1950-03-14
25 Spergularia marina Honolulu, Kapiolani Park Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 58 Oahu BISH 1950-04-14
26 Spergularia marina near air field, Puolo, Hanapepe naturalized in mud flats Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27353 Kauai BISH 1961-03-14
27 Spergularia marina Sand Island State Recreation Area, Honolulu Growin in sand under Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Ross, M.C. 1896 Oahu BISH 2023-02-20
28 Spergularia marina Makai of aquaculture site of Kahuku Collected in solid, dwarfed strand community of Heliotropium anomalum, Jacquemontia, Fimbristylis, Nama, Euphorbia degeneri and Lycium. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3703 Oahu BISH 1979-02-11
29 Spergularia marina Koko Head. Tuff sea cliffs opposite the Koko Head Rifle Range In small communities in exposed solution basins. Associated species: Heliotropium, Lipochaeta, Batis. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1232 Oahu BISH 1974-07-25
30 Spergularia marina Mokuleia Beach, Waialua Seasonally flooded bulldozed sand pit near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27846 Oahu BISH 1962-02-01
31 Spergularia marina Kamilonui Valley, submerged in water by Kuapa Pond; bare soil; below Kiawe zone. (Near Koko Head.) Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37110 Oahu BISH 1937-07-11
32 Spergularia marina Tern Islet Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1663 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1961-09-02
33 Spergularia marina Near Koko Head. Fish Ponds outer brook Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 1501 Oahu BISH 1909-06-11
34 Spergularia marina Beach near Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1447 Oahu BISH 1909-02-15
35 Spergularia marina Kure Atoll Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1910 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-13
36 Spergularia marina Roadside near Niu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2422 Oahu BISH 1917-02-16
37 Spergularia marina Near Koko Head on the beach with J.F.S.Stokes Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1913 Oahu BISH 1914-07-01
38 Spergularia marina Damp spot, Waipio Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-03-19
39 Spergularia marina Ewa, Pohakupuna Rd Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1957-02-10
40 Spergularia marina Waialua, Kawailua, roadside Preserved_Specimen Bush, W. Oahu BISH 1933-03-05
41 Spergularia marina Ewa Beach Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 174 Oahu BISH 1982-02-24
42 Spergularia marina Waianae Mts., Piko trail Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 380 Oahu BISH 1946-05-05
43 Spergularia marina Near Koko Hd. on the beach Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1913 Oahu BISH 1914-07-01
44 Spergularia marina Fort Kamehameha [east side of entrance to Pearl Harbor]. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Oahu BISH 1992-02-07
45 Spergularia marina Honolulu, Oahu. Herb medicines, native name MIMI ILIO, (urine dog) Preserved_Specimen Pukui, M.K. Oahu BISH 1931-01-01
46 Spergularia marina Tern Islet Preserved_Specimen Svihla, A. French Frigate Shoals BISH 1956-02-11
47 Spergularia marina Honolulu, North of Ala Moana Park, in sand dredged from Kewalo Basin Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1937-05-25
48 Spergularia marina Near Haleiwa. Marshy land Preserved_Specimen Hilliaurs Oahu BISH 1930-03-17
49 Spergularia marina Ewa, Pohakupuna Rd Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1957-02-10
50 Spergularia marina Ewa. Pohakupuna Rd Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH
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