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Coprosma elliptica

W.R.B.Oliv. (1935)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Coprosma

hupilo, pilo

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched, nearly prostrate, compact shrubs or on bog hummocks and in surrounding forest scandent shrubs with larger leaves.

Stems: Stems sometimes rooting at the nodes, to 2–2.5 m long, with numerous spreading, lateral branches usually less than 20 cm long, all in 1 plane, youngest ones densely puberulent, the hairs erect to somewhat appressed.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, very closely spaced, often appearing fasciculate. Blades elliptic, occasionally broadly elliptic or elliptic–ovate, 6–10 mm long, 3–7 mm wide, in non–bog plants up to 40 mm long and 16 mm wide. Apex acute to obtuse. Base abruptly cuneate to cuneate. Surfaces glabrous or Upper surfaces occasionally sparsely puberulent along lower part of midrib; blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Pinnately veined, the veins impressed on upper surface. Petioles 0.3–1 mm long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent on upper side. Stipules deltate, ca. 1.5 mm long, connate at base, moderately puberulent, usually with a glabrous patch in the middle, margins densely ciliate, apex with a small appendage.

Flowers: Flowers solitary, subsessile, 6–7-merous. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, often heterostylous; insect-pollinated. Calyx of staminate flowers cup-shaped, ca. 1 mm long; pistillate flowers with Calyx cup-shaped, 0.5–0.9 mm long. Corolla of staminate flowers campanulate, ca. 4–5 mm long, the lobes ca. 2 mm long; corolla of pistillate flowers narrowly campanulate, ca. 3 mm long; nectary disk usually present. Stamens 4-5(-10), alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted at base of corolla tube; filaments long-exserted; anthers penduous, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2(-4)-celled; ovule 1 per cell, basal, anatropous; style as many as carpels, 2(-4)lobed, divided nearly to base, terminal, slender; stigmas lobed or capitate, long-exserted, papillose-hirsute, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; juicy; yellowish orange; broadly ellipsoid; 6–8 mm long; with 2(-4); 1-seeded; planoconvex pyrenes; apex tipped with the persistent calyx. Seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Open bogs; hummocks; and bog margins; occasionally in surrounding wet forest.

Elevation Range: 1190–1570 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 132: 150 (1935)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1124 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated wet forest with Vaccinium, Wikstroemia, Coprosma, and Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Treelet of 6 ft., Lvs dark glossy green above +/- glossy pale green below w/ dark reticulate veination; calyx medium green, corolla pale yellow-green; stigmas (s) same, immature frt glossy pale green. DNA voucher for Jfason Cantley (HAW). Flynn, T.W. 7474 Kauai BISH 2010-06-15
2 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 963 Kauai BISH 1922-10-27
3 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen to 1 m shrub, low, divaricate, trailing branches; dioecious, staminate flowers green with stamens exserted Lorence, D.H. 5158 Kauai BISH 1987-04-06
4 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Alakai swamp trail. Preserved_Specimen Cliff, G. 1172 Kauai BISH 1953-09-04
5 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Brushy hummocks in bog. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23052 Kauai BISH 1947-12-25
6 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, bryophytes, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Oreobolus, Dichanthelium, Viola, Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen low shrub, divaricate branches; leaves dark green, domatiate; flowers green; dioecious Lorence, D.H. 6061 Kauai BISH 1988-06-19
7 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mostly on edges of bogs, common. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub .5 meter. Fruit orange. Kores, P.J. 132 Kauai BISH 1979-09-02
8 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details native shrubs Preserved_Specimen shrub, spreading, ~prostrate Pearsall, G.A. 405 Kauai BISH 1959-07-10
9 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details native shrubs Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9645 Kauai BISH 1981-05-12
10 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details *Rhynchospora 70%, Racomitrium 20% Bog, with islands of Metrosideros 10% associated with Cheirodendron dominii, Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus furcata, Dichanthelium cynodon, Coprosma elliptica, Vaccinium dentatum, V. reticulatum, V. calycinum, Wikstroemia ohauensis var. palustris, Nertera granadensis, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Myrsin Preserved_Specimen shrub, female, 1.5 m tall with spreading habit of long diffuse branches Wood, K.R. 12377 Kauai BISH 2007-05-08
11 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated wet forest with Vaccinium, Wikstroemia, Coprosma, and Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrubt of 5.5 ft. LVs dark glossy green above, dull grey-green below w/ darker 2 veins; female fls with pale whitish green petals, calyx darker; stigma pale yellow-green; immature frt glossy green. DNA voucher for Jason Canteley (HAW). Flynn, T.W. 7475 Kauai BISH 2010-06-15
12 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia paleata, ohia Preserved_Specimen small shrub, scrambling; fruit orange yellow Takeuchi, W.N. 173 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
13 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details thickets Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10733 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
14 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Platanthera bog in Metrosideros-Oreobolus bog; Styphelia, Lysimachia daphnoides, Coprosma elliptica, Gahnia, Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Hedyotis terminalis, Viola kauaiensis, Myrsine petiolata, Vaccinium, Rhynchospora, Carex montis-eeka, Dubautia paleata Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub; yellow fruit, scandant Perlman, S. 186629 Kauai BISH 2003-10-10
15 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open Preserved_Specimen ~2' shrub Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1936-08-17
16 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details edge of open bog Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub; fruit orange, fleshy Fosberg, F.R. 12764 Kauai BISH 1936-01-03
17 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen scandent, prostrate shrub; male Herbst, D.R. 2499 Kauai BISH 1972-06-28
18 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Very wet mixed mesophytic forest with Metrosideros dominant. Localized, marshy ground. Preserved_Specimen Low, divaricate shrub 1 meter tall, with trailing branches. Dioecious, the pistillate flowers greeen, styles exserted. Lorence, D.H. 5159 Kauai BISH 1987-04-08
19 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details swampy forest Preserved_Specimen branches trailing; male flower green St.John, H. 22918 Kauai BISH 1947-12-22
20 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 171a = basal segment. 171b = the tip from the duplicate. Preserved_Specimen The plant is semi-erect, not prostrate like C. elliptica. Takeuchi, W.N. 171 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
21 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open bog. W/ Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dubautia plaeata, Lysimachia daphnoides, Rhynchospora spicaeformis, Drosera anglica, Carex montis-eeka, Viola kauaiensis, Oreobolus furcata, Lagenifera erici, Machaerin Preserved_Specimen shrubs 3-4 ft ht with fruit Perlman, S. 22994 Kauai BISH 2012-09-18
22 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub, prostrate; medium green foliage; orange or yellow orange fruit Herbst, D.R. 2171 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
23 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 415 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
24 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Amongst pubescent Metrosideros dwarfs. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 162 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
25 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details *Rhynchospora 70%, Racomitrium 20% Bog, with islands of Mestrosideros 10% associated with Cheirodendron dominii, Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus furcata, Dichanthelium cynodon, coprosma elliptica, Vaccinium dentatum, V. reticulatum, V. calycinum, Wikstroemia oahuensis var. palustris, Nertera granadensis, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Myrsin Preserved_Specimen shrub, male, 1.5 m tall with spreading habit of long diffuse branches, stems gray-brown, leaves medium green, corolla white-green with narrow purple marginal line on corolla lobe, common Wood, K.R. 1402 Kauai BISH 2007-05-08
26 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m shrub, spreading MacDaniels, L.H. 807 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
27 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2880 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
28 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 892 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
29 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8851 Kauai BISH 1911-10-21
30 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron short statured wet forest with open bog habitat dissected by headwater drainages with genera such as Melicope, Myrsine, Dubautia, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros, Coprosma, Labordia, Psychotria, Vaccinium, and Kadua, fern general include Asplenium, Adenophorus, Dryopteris, Sadleria, El Preserved_Specimen Shrub, decumbent, well branched, female, fruit orange, very common Wood, K.R. 16240 Kauai BISH 2015-01-20
31 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4907 Kauai BISH 1909-09-24
32 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 915 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
33 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Huber, H.F.J. 17 Kauai BISH 1964-08-21
34 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5041 Kauai BISH 1983-08-30
35 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 415 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
36 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5045 Kauai BISH 1983-08-30
37 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 415 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
38 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Kauai BISH
39 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 482 Kauai BISH 1987-06-01
40 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1990-05-05
41 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen de Malahide, T. Kauai BISH 1965-11-24
42 Coprosma elliptica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH
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