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Plantago australis

Lam. (1792)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Plantago

dwarf plantain

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems:

Roots: Stout rhizomes up to 10 cm long.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves basal. Blades elliptic to elliptic–oblanceolate, 4–35 cm long, 1–7.5 cm wide, blades undifferentiated from petioles. Surfaces sparsely to moderately pilose, especially along veins. Margins remotely denticulate. Usually 5–7-veined. Petioles winged 0.5–15 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in scapes 10–50(–100) cm long; spikes 3–50 cm long, moderately pilose, flowers crowded, less so toward base. bracts often purple–tipped, narrowly deltate, 1.64.5 mm long, outer surface ciliate and pilose, bracteoles absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 4 sepals, unequal, anterior ones connate at base, elliptic, (1.7–)2–3 mm long, posterior ones distinct, ovate. Corolla salverform, 4-lobed, scarious, persistent in fruit, the tube covering the upper part of the capsule, lobes erect and coherent, 1.7–3.4 mm long. Stamens 4, alternate with the corolla tubes; filaments adnate to corolla tube; anthers long–exserted, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells; ovules 3, placentation axile, ; style 1, terminal, slender.

Fruit: Capsules ellipsoid; 2.7–3.2 mm long; dehiscent at or slightly below middle; circumscissile at or below the middle; enclosed in the persistent calyx. Seeds 3; dull black; ellipsoid; compressed; 1.2–2.2 mm long; with well–developed; firm; translucent endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 48

Habitat: Open; disturbed areas and wet forest.

Elevation Range: 820–1,900 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Plantago australis subsp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Extirpated
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Tabl. Encycl. 1: 339 (1792)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Plantago australis Volcano Road Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1042 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-02
2 Plantago australis Bog, upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo Wet, open area surrounded by `ohi`a forest, growing with Juncus and Carex Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 799 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
3 Plantago australis Kukaiwaa Peninsula; along the northeast coast of Kukaiwaa Peninsula In short cropped grass, frequented by goats. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3080 Molokai BISH 1989-08-27
4 Plantago australis East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater, Kaupo Gap, at cove S of Waikekeehia Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21208 Maui BISH 1945-08-27
5 Plantago australis Paauhau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3246 Hawaii BISH
6 Plantago australis Kahua Ranch Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1627 Hawaii BISH 1936-09-04
7 Plantago australis Keauhou Ranch, (near T- KE), Kau district Skid trail in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa closed forest. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 16 Hawaii BISH 1979-10-25
8 Plantago australis Kohala Mts., upper Hamakua ditch trail from end of access rd, above Waikoloa reservoirs 1 and 2 In `ohi`a-Cheirodendron dwarf forest Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5537 Hawaii BISH 1985-06-23
9 Plantago australis Puukapu, Waimea, S. Kohala Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2140 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-02
10 Plantago australis East Maui, Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 169 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
11 Plantago australis Chain of Craters Rd. about 4.1 mi toward Kalapana from inersection with Crater Rim Road. Drive up side road with cable across entrance (Escape Rd.) between 1-3 mi Plant at left of rd Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 241 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-02
12 Plantago australis Holealoha Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 799 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-10
13 Plantago australis Top of Kulani Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 984 Hawaii BISH 1916-06-28
14 Plantago australis East Maui, Kaupo Gapl Crater of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1249 Maui BISH 1919-08-25
15 Plantago australis Waikamoi Stream, pipe line trail wet trail in montane rain forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 42039 Maui BISH 1961-09-04
16 Plantago australis Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
17 Plantago australis Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
18 Plantago australis E. of Humuula, below Kalaieha on aa, under lehua Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 691 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-07
19 Plantago australis East Maui, Olinda, pipeline trail crevices Preserved_Specimen Tessene, M.F. 1809 Maui BISH 1965-08-11
20 Plantago australis Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3138 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-24
21 Plantago australis Parker Ranch, Puu kapu, pasture Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 265 Hawaii BISH 1932-05-30
22 Plantago australis East Maui, Kaupo Gapl Crater of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1249 Maui BISH 1919-08-25
23 Plantago australis East Maui, along Olinda Flume, Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1783 Maui BISH 1964-07-16
24 Plantago australis East Maui, Haleakala Crater, .25 m S of Paliku Cabins Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3893 Maui BISH 1969-07-16
25 Plantago australis East Island, Waikamoi rain forest Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-14
26 Plantago australis Kautago Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1909-07-03
27 Plantago australis Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, pole #8, 100 ft E. of powerline road Small, wet, open, kipuka Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5932 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-06
28 Plantago australis N. Hilo, Saddle Road ~38.4 km from Hilo roadside, sunny Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 747 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-22
29 Plantago australis Paauhau. Main place Kauahiakaoka Covering the ground densly. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3139 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-24
30 Plantago australis S. Hilo District. Pauukaa Ahu. Trail 21(50); E. slope of Mauna Kea, across large stream; Awehi Stream bank Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern, and native shrub understory. Growing on much exposed pahoehoe. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1391 Hawaii BISH 1977-09-11
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