img

Coprosma stephanocarpa

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Coprosma

hupilo, pilo

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs to small trees 2-6 m tall.

Stems: One to many main stems, young stems sparsely pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic or sometimes lanceolate, 6-50 x 4-15 mm. Apex acute. Base cuneate to attenuate. Blades sparsely pilose on both surfaces, midrib puberulent, domatia present on abaxial surface in seconary vein axils. Margins entire. Petioles 3-5(-10) mm long. Stipules narrowly deltate, often recurving away from stem, 2–4 . 2–3 mm, connate 1/4 to 1/2 of their length, base puberulent to lanate, margins lanate with one apical colleter and no marginal colleters, band of glabrous tissue immediately below the margin.

Flowers: Flowers axillary; male inflorescence a 3(–5) flowered cyme on an unbranched peduncle 3–5 mm long; female inflorescence solitary or occasionally 2-3, sessile or subsessile, peduncle 0–3(–6) mm long, unbranched, flowers terminal. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, often heterostylous; insect-pollinated. Calyx of staminate flowers with 3–5 lobes, irregularly toothed 0.25-2 mm long Calyx of pistillate flowers with 3–5 lobes, 0–2 mm long. Corolla of male flowers 5–6-merous, funnelform, 3–4 mm long, lobes 0.5–1.5 mm long, tube 3–4 mm long beyond calyx; female corolla funnelform to campanulate, only lobes exserted beyond calyx, recurving 360 degrees at maturity, lobe apices often touching calyx; nectary disk usually present. Stamens 5–6; anthers inserted at base of corolla; filaments 7–13 mm long, exserted beyond corolla, pendulous at maturity, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2(-4)-celled; ovule 1 per cell, basal, anatropous; styles 2, divided to base, terminal, slender; exserted 3-4 mm beyond corolla; stigmas lobed or capitate, long-exserted, papillose-hirsute, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; juicy; reddish-orange to yellow; ovoid; 4–10 x 3.5–6 mm; crowned with a conspicuous persistent calyx; with 2; 1-seeded; planoconvex pyrenes. Seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Found in mesic to wet forests and shrublands with both native and non-native plant communities.

Elevation Range: 975–2,700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 187 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1125 (Syn. C. stephanocarpa = C. foliosa); Cantley et al. 2016:42 (RESURRECT/EM, DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Wet Shrubland at 4100 ft near the summit of Lihau with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Hedyotis and native herbs, sedges and ferns Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1091 Maui BISH 1991-07-13
2 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen tree Hitchcock, A.S. 14815 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
3 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 4WD road Preserved_Specimen flowering Pyle, L. 1923 Maui BISH 1985-01-12
4 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open forest, near blackberry fields Preserved_Specimen 10' tree, berries orange Mitchell, A.L. 65 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
5 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details roadside Preserved_Specimen flowering Pyle, L. 1922 Maui BISH 1985-01-12
6 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 7 cm tree Higashino, P.K. 9340 Maui BISH 1980-06-10
7 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mesic koa-ohia forest with native trees, shrub, fern Preserved_Specimen 3 m x 8 cm; subarborescent Warshauer, F.R. 2560 Maui BISH 1980-05-27
8 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9047 Maui BISH 1980-05-31
9 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along road Preserved_Specimen ~8' tree bush, fruit green, becoming orange Crosby, M.R. 1804 Maui BISH 1964-07-19
10 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern Preserved_Specimen 6 m x 9 cm; monopodial Warshauer, F.R. 3113 Maui BISH 1980-08-23
11 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Wet Shrubland at 4120 ft under a Metrosideros and Cheirodendron canopy with Coprosma, Hedyotis, Cibotium, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Ilex, Sadleria spp., Lycopodium, Stenogyne, Peperomia, Labordia, native ferns, sedges and grasses Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1200 Maui BISH 1991-08-25
12 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern Preserved_Specimen 3.5 m x 12 cm tree Higashino, P.K. 9375 Maui BISH 1980-07-13
13 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia Mixed Mesic Shrubland at 3800 ft in a mesic shrubland with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Lycopodium, Vaccinium reticulatum, Styphelia, Machaerina, Sphenomeris, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Pteridium and Gahnia Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1237 Maui BISH 1991-08-25
14 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia Mixed Mesic Forest at 3700 ft with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Myrsine, Dubautia, Hedyotis and Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 954 Maui BISH 1991-07-09
15 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details slope Preserved_Specimen small tree Degener, O. 22116 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
16 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1639 Maui BISH 1919-11-15
17 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet koa, ohia forest; native trees and shrubs, treefern Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9407 Maui BISH 1980-07-22
18 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ridge, wet ohia forest with native trees, shrub, treefern Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9146 Maui BISH 1980-06-13
19 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros forest with Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pittosporum, Clermontia arborescens, C. grandiflora, Dicranopteris emarginata Preserved_Specimen to 6' shrub, fruits orange Carlquist, S. 1851 Maui BISH 1966-06-21
20 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia Mixed Mesic Forest at 3800 ft among Cheirodendron, Scaevola, Smilax, Cyrtandra, Dubautia, Dodonaea, Clermontia arborescens and Labordia Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1261 Maui BISH 1991-08-26
21 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along road to flume; with Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Pelea, Myrsine, Dicranopteris; rain forest Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub, berries orange Henrickson, J.S. 3738 Maui BISH 1969-06-27
22 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Koa-Ohia mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3m. Annable, C.R. 3231 Maui BISH 1997-01-09
23 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10296 Maui BISH 1930-02-11
24 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen scandent leaves and branches glabrous Hobdy, R.W. 2667 Maui BISH 1987-01-02
25 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details slope Preserved_Specimen small tree Degener, O. 22116 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
26 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 10' shrub Chock, A.K. 298 Maui BISH 1951-12-25
27 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 748 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
28 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 6' bush, berries yellow Forbes, C.N. 215 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
29 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen seedlings Mann, H. Maui BISH 1864-01-01
30 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1836 Maui BISH 1920-03-04
31 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 47 Maui BISH 1910-01-01
32 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 892 Maui BISH 1922-10-18
33 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2237 Maui BISH 1985-12-16
34 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 738 Maui BISH 1919-07-11
35 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-14
36 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 137 Maui BISH 1955-12-25
37 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 648 Maui BISH 1918-04-24
38 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 816 Maui BISH 1919-07-17
39 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1648 Maui BISH 1919-11-15
40 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8189 Maui BISH 1910-08-24
41 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 758 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
42 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1152 Maui BISH 1919-08-15
43 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 936 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
44 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1128 Maui BISH 1967-05-03
45 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8529 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
46 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Maui BISH 1930-05-25
47 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
48 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
49 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 769 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
50 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Maui BISH 1980-07-16
51 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Maui BISH
52 Coprosma stephanocarpa Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 455 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
Back to Top