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Kadua parvula

A.Gray (1860)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small, erect to sprawling, glabrous, many-branched shrubs.

Stems: Stems 4–angled or 4–costate, 1–3(–4) dm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, usually closely spaced and overlapping, not becoming reduced above. Blades lanceolate to ovate–cordate, 1–4 cm long, 0.7–2.3 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous, Blades coriaceous. Margins entire, slightly revolute. Lateral veins strongly ascending. Petioles 0–0.2 cm long. Stipules deltate, strongly carinate, 2–3 mm long, apex mucronate.

Flowers: Flowers in narrow corymbose inflorescences, sometimes several on contiguous branches giving the appearance of 1 larger inflorescence, pedicels 2-8 mm long, inflorescences subtended by a pair of cordate bracts 0.6-1.5 cm long; hypanthium turbinate to cup–shaped, 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or pistillate. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes weakly foliaceous, bluntly ovate, 1–4 mm long, 1–2 mm wide, often variable in size on a single plant, enlarging to 4.5–5.5 mm long in fruit. Corolla 4-5-lobed, white, tinged purplish pink toward tips, fleshy, salverform–funnelform, the tube 8–11 mm long, the limb not quadrangular in bud, but apex depressed, the lobes 5–6 mm long, inflexed; nectary disc present. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, sessile, attached slightly below corolla throat; anthers sessile or on short filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, cylindrical to filiform, enlarged in upper part, woolly pubescent near middle (hairs long and crinkly), slightly 2–lobed, terminal; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; ca. 3.3–4 mm long; ca. 3.5–4 mm in diameter; dehiscing loculicidally across disk; later ca. ½ to base; pyrenes separating septicidally; endocarp moderately sclerified; disk slightly raised. Seeds dull brown; subpeltate; bluntly angled; darkly granulate under high magnification; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from on and at base of cliff faces; rock outcrops; and ledges.

Elevation Range: 715–825 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 317 (1860)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1148 (O [as Hedyotis parvula]); Terrell et al. 2005:833/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (Syn. H. parvula = K. parvula)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details E facing cliff, Metrosideros mesic lowland cliffs with Artemisia, Bidens, Phyllanthus, Dodonaea, Viola, Tetramolopium, Lysimachia, Dubautia, Carex, Sophora, Schinus, Grevillea, Ageratina, Hedyotis. Preserved_Specimen Small shrubs 1 ft ht with flowers and immature fruit. Perlman, S. 13252 Oahu BISH 1993-04-07
2 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Assoc. w/ Dubautia sherffiana, Bidens torta, Hedyotis schlechtendahliana, Eragrostis variabilis, Elaphoglossum hirtum, Peperomia tetraphylla, Carex wahuensis, Styphelia Preserved_Specimen 40 cm tall sub-shrub; in flower and fruit; corolla pink-white; ca. 12 plants Wood, K.R. 1933 Oahu BISH 1992-05-19
3 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details sunny ledge on face of basalt cliff, 10' below crest Preserved_Specimen calyx green tinged with violet; corolla tube violet to white, the lobes white rotate, the margins subrevolute, in bud the tips inflexed St.John, H. 25279 Oahu BISH 1954-01-10
4 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry region. Preserved_Specimen Koike, M. Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
5 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Assoc. w/ Dubautia sherffiana, Bidens torta, Hedyotis schlechtendahliana, H. acuminata, Eragrostis variabilis, Elaphoglossum hirtum, Peperomia tetraphylla, Carex wahuensis, Styphelia, Plantago princep var.; Threats: Lantana, Grevillea, Myrica, Passiflora suberosa, Ageratina adenophora Preserved_Specimen 35 cm tall sub-shrub; ca. 30 plants Wood, K.R. Oahu BISH 1992-07-02
6 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On near inaccessible cliffs occasionally cloud-swept. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20418 Oahu BISH 1949-11-07
7 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen sub-shrub; inflorescence in corymbs, flowers white; leaves glabrous Dunn, L. 156 Kauai BISH 2003-04-03
8 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sunny, rather dry ledges & cliffs near top Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10768 Oahu BISH 1936-01-19
9 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 50 cm shrub, multiple erect stems; leaves glossy above; calyx purplish green, corolla pinkish white in bud with apex deflexed, lobes white at anthesis, style included Lorence, D.H. 8816 Kauai BISH 2001-11-09
10 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details below vertical rock face, under Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen ~15 cm bush, prostate erect; flowers pink, petal tips lightly purplish pink, buds slightly purplish pink with darker margins; calyx yellowish green, tips lightly purplish pink Obata, J.K. 85564 Oahu BISH 1985-07-07
11 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details sunny ledge on face of basalt cliff, 10' below crest Preserved_Specimen calyx green tinged with violet; corolla tube violet to white, the lobes white rotate, the margins subrevolute, in bud the tips inflexed St.John, H. 25279 Oahu BISH 1954-01-10
12 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
13 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen sub-shrub; inflorescence in corymbs, flowers white; leaves glabrous Dunn, L. 157 Kauai BISH 2003-04-03
14 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 115 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
15 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 359 Oahu BISH 1931-05-22
16 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed ridge, slightly off ridge top and under a slight canopy of Canthium, assoc. w/ Artemisia & Plectranthus; Preserved_Specimen Plant prostrate and spread out about 30 cm Montgomery, S.L. Oahu BISH 1980-05-25
17 Kadua parvula Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sunny, rather dry ledges & cliffs near top Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10768 Oahu BISH 1936-01-19
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